At present, most of the compound (mixed) fertilizers and special fertilizers sold on the market contain chlorine. Since chlorine is a trace element, excessive application can cause chlorine poisoning in crops. In order to prevent chlorine poisoning of crops and fruit trees, the following five aspects should be considered when applying chlorine-containing fertilizers:
First, considering the characteristics of crops, the crops are divided into three types according to the degree of tolerance of chloride to crops in theory and practice:
(1) Strong chlorine-tolerant crops mainly refer to rice, sorghum, millet, etc. in cereal crops, as well as cotton, hemp, and spinach. Such crops can be applied to various chlorine-containing fertilizers as needed under conditions of low chlorine content in the soil (<200 mg/kg).
(2) Medium-to-chlorine crops, mainly barley, wheat, corn, soybeans, peas, broad beans, oil raisins, peanuts, radishes, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. Such crops can be applied with a constant weight of chlorine-containing fertilizers under conditions of low chlorine content in the soil.
(3) Crops with weak chlorine resistance, mainly sweet potato, flue-cured tobacco, lettuce, cabbage, raspberry, apple, etc. It is not advisable to apply ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), potassium chloride (KCI), and various compound fertilizers and special fertilizers based on these two fertilizers. However, when the soil contains less than 50 mg/kg of chlorine, potassium chloride (KCI) may be applied in an appropriate amount.
Second, considering the characteristics of fertilizers, most of the compound fertilizers and special fertilizers contain chlorine (C1) because they are made of ammonium chloride (NH4CI) and potassium chloride (KC1). The chlorine content is generally not less than 15%; the other part of the organic-inorganic multi-component compound fertilizer has a chlorine content of not less than 4.5%, but due to the presence of organic substances, the poisoning of chloride ions is reduced by biological, chemical and physical effects. Therefore, the dosage can be appropriately increased at the time of application. Chlorine-containing fertilizers are generally acidic fertilizers and should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers, otherwise the fertilizer efficiency will be reduced. If 100 kg of fertilizer containing 15% chlorine is applied in acre, the average chlorine content of the soil layer (20 cm) will increase by 50.8 mg/kg. This indicates that a large amount of chlorine is introduced into the soil due to the application of the chlorine-containing fertilizer. It may cause the accumulation of local chlorine in the soil and eventually cause chlorine poisoning in the crop.
3. Considering the characteristics of the soil, in general, when the chlorine content of the soil is lower than the critical value of the plant's chlorine tolerance of 100-300 mg/kg, the chlorine-containing fertilizer can be applied. When the soil contains less than 50mg/kg of chlorine, all crops can be applied with chlorinated fertilizer; when the soil contains 50-100mg/kg of chlorine, except for weak chlorine-tolerant crops such as lettuce, most crops can be applied with ammonia chloride and chlorine. Potassium; in the soil with high chlorine content, that is, 100-200mg/kg, most crops can be applied with potassium chloride, generally not suitable for the application of ammonia chloride; when the soil contains more than 200mg / kg of chlorine, it is generally not suitable to apply chlorine fertilizer. The specific use is as follows
1. Paddy field: Rice is a crop with strong chlorine resistance. The price of ammonium chloride and potassium chloride is low. It is an ideal nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in rice fields. The paddy soil has sufficient water to dilute the chlorinated fertilizer with strong salt-producing ability. Chlorine is the most easily moved element. Chlorine is most likely to be lost or leaked in water without causing salt and chlorine damage. Therefore, chlorinated fertilizers should be used first in paddy fields. Generally, 40 to 50 kg of ammonium chloride and 5 to 10 kg of potassium chloride are applied per acre of rice fields. First apply the base fertilizer, then plow the soil, then flatten it, then transplant it.
2, irrigated land: Although irrigated on the irrigated land, but with irrigation water to ensure that the combination of fertilizer and water, the application of chlorinated fertilizer combined with irrigation, can reduce the damage caused by excessive local fertilizer concentration on crops. Can be used as a base fertilizer without seed fertilizer, fertilizer and seed spacing soil layer 8 cm. The topdressing is 8 to 10 cm from the root system and the soil is applied in depth. Application in irrigated land is better than in dry land. Peanut is a medium-lower crop with resistance to chlorine. It is not advisable to apply ammonium chloride. The application of potassium chloride and chlorine-containing compound fertilizer should be cautious and controlled.
3, dry land: the application of chlorinated fertilizer in dryland without irrigation conditions must pay attention to the application rate and fertilization position to prevent burning and burning. Can be used as a base fertilizer, top dressing, not seed fertilizer. Corn, wheat seeds and fertilizer compartments need 8 cm. Soybeans and cotton need 10 to 11 cm. As long as the dosage is suitable and used properly, the yield of ammonium chloride and urea is basically equal in the case of equal nitrogen; in the case of potassium, the yield of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate is basically the same. Generally, 5 to 10 kg of potassium chloride and 15 to 25 kg of chloro-compounded fertilizer with 15% of NPK content are applied per mu. Ammonium chloride is best used in rice fields and irrigated fields.
4. Considering the fertilization method, the application of chlorine-containing fertilizer should be applied in depth and applied in principle. However, in practice, it can be uniformly removed before the land preparation and deep into the soil to avoid excessive concentration of chloride ions to poison the crop roots. At the same time, attention should be paid to the chlorine-containing fertilizers, and the seed fertilizer should not be directly applied to the same position of the seeds. Should be applied to the lower side or both sides of the seed l0cm, so as not to burn the seeds, affecting crop emergence and growth. A better method of application is to mix with manure (acidic) or organic fertilizer (acidic). For example, when applying the chlorinated fertilizer, combined with the application of the decomposed organic fertilizer, the fertilizer effect of the chlorinated fertilizer can be improved, and the adverse effects of the chloride ion can be alleviated. In soils with low available phosphorus content, chloride ions have an inhibitory effect on phosphorus uptake by crops, which often leads to the lack of phosphorus nutrition in crops. Therefore, when applying chlorinated fertilizers, it should be treated with appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer; with chlorinated fertilizer and urea, Compound (mixed) fertilizer and formula fertilizer prepared by ammonium phosphate, superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, etc., can not only reduce the harm of chloride ions, but also play a role in balanced fertilization due to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. .
5. From the perspective of climate and field management, if it is humid and rainy, the chlorine-containing fertilizer can be applied as a constant; for some chlorine-tolerant crops with large water demand and often irrigation, the chloride fertilizer can also be applied as a constant.
In recent years, a lot of fertilizers caused by excessive chloride ion content in chemical fertilizers have appeared, which has made farmers' friends have a resistance to chloride ions. In fact, the content of chloride ion in most fertilizers is qualified. It is only due to the long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by farmers, the accumulation of chloride ions is increased, and the soil aggregate structure is seriously damaged, and the soil buffer capacity is reduced, which causes fat damage. Increasing.
Source: Rural Volkswagen
First, considering the characteristics of crops, the crops are divided into three types according to the degree of tolerance of chloride to crops in theory and practice:
(1) Strong chlorine-tolerant crops mainly refer to rice, sorghum, millet, etc. in cereal crops, as well as cotton, hemp, and spinach. Such crops can be applied to various chlorine-containing fertilizers as needed under conditions of low chlorine content in the soil (<200 mg/kg).
(2) Medium-to-chlorine crops, mainly barley, wheat, corn, soybeans, peas, broad beans, oil raisins, peanuts, radishes, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. Such crops can be applied with a constant weight of chlorine-containing fertilizers under conditions of low chlorine content in the soil.
(3) Crops with weak chlorine resistance, mainly sweet potato, flue-cured tobacco, lettuce, cabbage, raspberry, apple, etc. It is not advisable to apply ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), potassium chloride (KCI), and various compound fertilizers and special fertilizers based on these two fertilizers. However, when the soil contains less than 50 mg/kg of chlorine, potassium chloride (KCI) may be applied in an appropriate amount.
Second, considering the characteristics of fertilizers, most of the compound fertilizers and special fertilizers contain chlorine (C1) because they are made of ammonium chloride (NH4CI) and potassium chloride (KC1). The chlorine content is generally not less than 15%; the other part of the organic-inorganic multi-component compound fertilizer has a chlorine content of not less than 4.5%, but due to the presence of organic substances, the poisoning of chloride ions is reduced by biological, chemical and physical effects. Therefore, the dosage can be appropriately increased at the time of application. Chlorine-containing fertilizers are generally acidic fertilizers and should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers, otherwise the fertilizer efficiency will be reduced. If 100 kg of fertilizer containing 15% chlorine is applied in acre, the average chlorine content of the soil layer (20 cm) will increase by 50.8 mg/kg. This indicates that a large amount of chlorine is introduced into the soil due to the application of the chlorine-containing fertilizer. It may cause the accumulation of local chlorine in the soil and eventually cause chlorine poisoning in the crop.
3. Considering the characteristics of the soil, in general, when the chlorine content of the soil is lower than the critical value of the plant's chlorine tolerance of 100-300 mg/kg, the chlorine-containing fertilizer can be applied. When the soil contains less than 50mg/kg of chlorine, all crops can be applied with chlorinated fertilizer; when the soil contains 50-100mg/kg of chlorine, except for weak chlorine-tolerant crops such as lettuce, most crops can be applied with ammonia chloride and chlorine. Potassium; in the soil with high chlorine content, that is, 100-200mg/kg, most crops can be applied with potassium chloride, generally not suitable for the application of ammonia chloride; when the soil contains more than 200mg / kg of chlorine, it is generally not suitable to apply chlorine fertilizer. The specific use is as follows
1. Paddy field: Rice is a crop with strong chlorine resistance. The price of ammonium chloride and potassium chloride is low. It is an ideal nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in rice fields. The paddy soil has sufficient water to dilute the chlorinated fertilizer with strong salt-producing ability. Chlorine is the most easily moved element. Chlorine is most likely to be lost or leaked in water without causing salt and chlorine damage. Therefore, chlorinated fertilizers should be used first in paddy fields. Generally, 40 to 50 kg of ammonium chloride and 5 to 10 kg of potassium chloride are applied per acre of rice fields. First apply the base fertilizer, then plow the soil, then flatten it, then transplant it.
2, irrigated land: Although irrigated on the irrigated land, but with irrigation water to ensure that the combination of fertilizer and water, the application of chlorinated fertilizer combined with irrigation, can reduce the damage caused by excessive local fertilizer concentration on crops. Can be used as a base fertilizer without seed fertilizer, fertilizer and seed spacing soil layer 8 cm. The topdressing is 8 to 10 cm from the root system and the soil is applied in depth. Application in irrigated land is better than in dry land. Peanut is a medium-lower crop with resistance to chlorine. It is not advisable to apply ammonium chloride. The application of potassium chloride and chlorine-containing compound fertilizer should be cautious and controlled.
3, dry land: the application of chlorinated fertilizer in dryland without irrigation conditions must pay attention to the application rate and fertilization position to prevent burning and burning. Can be used as a base fertilizer, top dressing, not seed fertilizer. Corn, wheat seeds and fertilizer compartments need 8 cm. Soybeans and cotton need 10 to 11 cm. As long as the dosage is suitable and used properly, the yield of ammonium chloride and urea is basically equal in the case of equal nitrogen; in the case of potassium, the yield of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate is basically the same. Generally, 5 to 10 kg of potassium chloride and 15 to 25 kg of chloro-compounded fertilizer with 15% of NPK content are applied per mu. Ammonium chloride is best used in rice fields and irrigated fields.
4. Considering the fertilization method, the application of chlorine-containing fertilizer should be applied in depth and applied in principle. However, in practice, it can be uniformly removed before the land preparation and deep into the soil to avoid excessive concentration of chloride ions to poison the crop roots. At the same time, attention should be paid to the chlorine-containing fertilizers, and the seed fertilizer should not be directly applied to the same position of the seeds. Should be applied to the lower side or both sides of the seed l0cm, so as not to burn the seeds, affecting crop emergence and growth. A better method of application is to mix with manure (acidic) or organic fertilizer (acidic). For example, when applying the chlorinated fertilizer, combined with the application of the decomposed organic fertilizer, the fertilizer effect of the chlorinated fertilizer can be improved, and the adverse effects of the chloride ion can be alleviated. In soils with low available phosphorus content, chloride ions have an inhibitory effect on phosphorus uptake by crops, which often leads to the lack of phosphorus nutrition in crops. Therefore, when applying chlorinated fertilizers, it should be treated with appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer; with chlorinated fertilizer and urea, Compound (mixed) fertilizer and formula fertilizer prepared by ammonium phosphate, superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, etc., can not only reduce the harm of chloride ions, but also play a role in balanced fertilization due to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. .
5. From the perspective of climate and field management, if it is humid and rainy, the chlorine-containing fertilizer can be applied as a constant; for some chlorine-tolerant crops with large water demand and often irrigation, the chloride fertilizer can also be applied as a constant.
In recent years, a lot of fertilizers caused by excessive chloride ion content in chemical fertilizers have appeared, which has made farmers' friends have a resistance to chloride ions. In fact, the content of chloride ion in most fertilizers is qualified. It is only due to the long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by farmers, the accumulation of chloride ions is increased, and the soil aggregate structure is seriously damaged, and the soil buffer capacity is reduced, which causes fat damage. Increasing.
Source: Rural Volkswagen
ã€Comment】 ã€Print this article】 ã€Close this page】 ã€Large, medium and small】
Two-Color Level Gauge,Intelligent Two-Color Liquid Level Meter,Magnetic Sensitive Two-Color Liquid Level Meter,Two-Color Liquid Level Gauge
Jiangsu Leitai Automation Instrument Co., Ltd. , https://www.ltybmall.com