( 1 ) Fertilizer amount and fertilization frequency The commonly used fertilizer for cultivation, manure, livestock manure, cake fertilizer, compost, garbage fertilizer, fire soil and fertilizer. The loquat growth mineral nutrient requirements, loquat plant is required is a high potassium, potassium content Loquat almost 3 times of nitrogen. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer, large fruit, but the color is strong, the appearance and quality are poor; if the potassium fertilizer is too much, the fruit contains more sugar, but the meat is rough. Therefore, various fertilizer elements should be properly coordinated.
For juvenile trees, fertilize 5-6 times a year, and use the method of thin fertilizer to apply once every two months. Each plant is fertilized (porcine) excrement ( 20%-30% concentration ) 15-25 kg, or imported compound fertilizer 150-250 g.
For the adult result tree, three times of fertilizer is generally applied annually, mainly based on the characteristics of the fertilizer required and the phenological period. For the amount of fertilizer applied, the local summary is slightly different. The 15- to 20- year-old Zhuangyuan Garden in Putian Mountain, Fujian Province , applies 10-13 kg of nitrogen per year for 667 square meters, 8-10 kg of phosphorus , and 13-15 kg of potassium . It can be roughly divided into the following times:
1 After harvest, the fertilizer is applied in May-June . It mainly supplements the nutrients consumed by the results, restores the tree potential, promotes the vigorous development of summer shoots, and promotes the growth of roots and the differentiation of flower buds. Mainly based on quick-acting fertilizer, combined with deep turning, a large amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied is generally 3 : 2 : 2 . The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 40%-50% of the annual fertilization amount . Late-maturing varieties can be applied before harvesting. Taking 35 kg of capsules as an example, each eucalyptus should be applied with 0.75-1.0 kg of imported compound fertilizer and 10-12 kg of chicken manure .
2 Before flowering in September-October , the flower bud differentiation in autumn is basically over, and when the flower ear begins to appear, it is applied to provide the flowering result and the nutrients needed for the nutrient autumn shoot, which promotes good flowering and improves the cold resistance of the plant. Based on organic fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is generally 5 : 4 : 5 . The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 30%-40% of the annual fertilization amount . 10-13 kg of chicken manure per plant .
3 Spring shoots strong fruit fertilizer is applied after the fruit is scattered in 2-3 months. The role of this fertilization is to promote the growth of spring shoots and roots, to supply the nutrients needed for the growth of young fruits, to promote the growth of young fruits, to reduce fruit drop, and to promote and enrich the spring shoots. Fertilizer engaged ratio using available fertilizer was applied, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash is generally 3: 4: 3. For example, if there are more phosphate fertilizers in the soil, or if the amount of fruit is less, the proportion of phosphate fertilizer can be reduced. If the tree is not prosperous, the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer will increase. Fertilizer consumption accounting for 20% of the amount of fertilizer years. Each plant is 30-50 kg of lean manure and urine , 0.3-0.6 kg of imported compound fertilizer , and 0.25-0.5 kg of potash . February is the time of greatest growth in the year roots, fertilization depth Yi Qian, so as not to hurt the roots.
In Putian, Fujian, the fruit farmers have combined the ploughing and cultivating soil after harvesting the fruit, and the chicken manure per plant is 30-35 kg. Results long loquat, plowing earth rapid enlargement of fruit, chicken litter per 30-35 kg. When the eucalyptus results are long, spray 2-3 times of foliar fertilizer ( 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium sulfate) before the rapid expansion period of the fruit , spray 10 days apart. once.
( 2 ) The fertilization effect of the fertilization method is closely related to the fertilization method. The absorbing root system of eucalyptus is mainly concentrated in the soil layer around the canopy projection, and the canopy drip line is used as the fertilization site. It is also possible to use the fertility of the roots of the alfalfa to apply the fertilizer to a slightly separated place at the root concentration, to guide the root system to expand deeper or outward, and to expand the root system. In addition, the characteristics of the fertilizer should be considered, such as the poor mobility of the phosphate fertilizer, and it is easily fixed by the red soil. Thus, the fertilizer should be applied to deep, fertilizing, applied in the rhizosphere, to enhance absorption and utilization of phosphorus. When applying phosphorus or calcium powder, it should be mixed with ring fertilizer, manure or human excrement, and applied after being decomposed, the effect is better. Commonly used soil fertilization methods in Qinyuan are:
1 annular fertilization is also called fertilization. In a place slightly outside the canopy, dig an annular groove, apply the fertilizer, and then cover the soil. The Shiji fertilizer ditch should be deeper, 40-50 cm; the top dressing ditch should be shallow, 15-30 cm. To ditch fertilization by year relocation. This fertilization method has the advantages of simple operation and economical use of fertilizer. However, it is easy to cut off some of the faster growing horizontal roots, and the fertilization range is small, which should be paid attention to when selecting.
2 Disc fertilization takes the trunk as the center and turns the soil into a disc shape. The place where the trunk is shallow is shallow, and the further away from the trunk, the deeper it is. There are also only flat-bottom fertilization plates. The mounds that were thrown out were around the outside of the plate, forming the edge of the bandits. After fertilization, cover the soil again. This method is applied shallowly, water is easy to damage the root, and it is suitable for topdressing. However, long-term fertilization with this method will cause the roots of eucalyptus to move up.
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