Climate has changed skills in fertilization According to the Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizers by crops in China at present is 27% for ammonium bicarbonate, 35% for urea, and 45% for ammonium sulfate. Nutrients have not been exploited. Among them, in addition to the soil fixed part of the nutrients, one is washed away by rainfall, and the other is volatilized in the atmosphere. This shows that the utilization of fertilizers is highly dependent on climatic factors.
The growth of crops must have a good ecological environment. Among the ecological factors, temperature, light, water and gas are the main climatic factors.
In recent years, due to the relatively simple farming system, the use of land, less land, and the soil organic matter content has been decreasing year by year, which has led to an increase in the amount of fertilizer input and rising costs. In order to reduce the cost of fertilizer input, according to the law of climate change, improving fertilization skills is one of the effective measures to save costs and increase benefits.
The use of moderate temperature, timely fertilization production practice shows that in the range of 0-32 degrees Celsius, crop fertilizer absorption function is gradually reduced. For example, the most suitable water temperature for rice is 30 degrees Celsius - 32 degrees Celsius. The optimum soil temperature for cotton is 28 degrees Celsius - 30 degrees Celsius, barley is 18 degrees Celsius, corn is 25 degrees Celsius - 30 degrees Celsius, and tobacco is 22 degrees Celsius. Therefore, in the hot season, more decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied, and appropriate amount of fertilizer should be applied, and water should be released. In the hot season, attention should also be paid to prevent the "water and fertilizer peaks" from meeting, leading to prolonged crops and early premature aging. In the low temperature season, first, semi-humic organic fertilizer and high-concentration clear water manure can be applied on the wintering crops to provide heat and increase the ground temperature during the decomposition process. Second, the appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be added to enhance the wintering crops. Cold resistance; Third, after the early rice is moved, due to the low temperature, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in time to promote rapid greening and tillering.
Using light intensity to improve photosynthetic efficiency in different ecological regions, the total annual radiation is different, generally 90-160 kcal, and more than 190 kcal. Agricultural production is to use the light intensity, increase the leaf area coefficient of crops, better absorb and produce nutrients, and improve photosynthetic efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to apply more nitrogen fertilizer in the place with good light conditions to promote the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of crops. Where the lighting conditions are poor, it should be applied less to prevent the crops from being green and late; secondly, when the light is too strong, Deep application of fertilizer to prevent photolysis and volatilization; Third, in the case of strong light, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve water use efficiency; Fourth, with the increase of leaf area coefficient, appropriate application of fertilizer, but should be after 4 o'clock in the morning and after 4 pm Apply to reduce losses.
The use of water sources to regulate water, fertilizer, temperature and gas in soil can not only affect the development of crop roots, but also affect the absorption, transformation, expansion and loss of nutrients by roots, and scientific use of water sources. It can play the role of adjusting fertilizer by water, adjusting temperature by water, regulating air by water, and promoting by water. Due to different rainfall and water source conditions, in the fertilization technology, one must not apply nitrogen fertilizer in the rainy season, one is to prevent crops from growing wild, the second is to prevent fertilizer loss, and the third is to prevent pollution of water sources. Second, the operation method should pay attention to the soil moisture content. When high, it should be lightly applied, that is, the fertilizer concentration is higher, but the dosage should be less, and it should keep a certain distance from the crop plants. When the weather is dry, it is advisable to re-apply light fertilizer, or to increase the number of watering times.
The growth of crops must have a good ecological environment. Among the ecological factors, temperature, light, water and gas are the main climatic factors.
In recent years, due to the relatively simple farming system, the use of land, less land, and the soil organic matter content has been decreasing year by year, which has led to an increase in the amount of fertilizer input and rising costs. In order to reduce the cost of fertilizer input, according to the law of climate change, improving fertilization skills is one of the effective measures to save costs and increase benefits.
The use of moderate temperature, timely fertilization production practice shows that in the range of 0-32 degrees Celsius, crop fertilizer absorption function is gradually reduced. For example, the most suitable water temperature for rice is 30 degrees Celsius - 32 degrees Celsius. The optimum soil temperature for cotton is 28 degrees Celsius - 30 degrees Celsius, barley is 18 degrees Celsius, corn is 25 degrees Celsius - 30 degrees Celsius, and tobacco is 22 degrees Celsius. Therefore, in the hot season, more decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied, and appropriate amount of fertilizer should be applied, and water should be released. In the hot season, attention should also be paid to prevent the "water and fertilizer peaks" from meeting, leading to prolonged crops and early premature aging. In the low temperature season, first, semi-humic organic fertilizer and high-concentration clear water manure can be applied on the wintering crops to provide heat and increase the ground temperature during the decomposition process. Second, the appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be added to enhance the wintering crops. Cold resistance; Third, after the early rice is moved, due to the low temperature, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in time to promote rapid greening and tillering.
Using light intensity to improve photosynthetic efficiency in different ecological regions, the total annual radiation is different, generally 90-160 kcal, and more than 190 kcal. Agricultural production is to use the light intensity, increase the leaf area coefficient of crops, better absorb and produce nutrients, and improve photosynthetic efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to apply more nitrogen fertilizer in the place with good light conditions to promote the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of crops. Where the lighting conditions are poor, it should be applied less to prevent the crops from being green and late; secondly, when the light is too strong, Deep application of fertilizer to prevent photolysis and volatilization; Third, in the case of strong light, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve water use efficiency; Fourth, with the increase of leaf area coefficient, appropriate application of fertilizer, but should be after 4 o'clock in the morning and after 4 pm Apply to reduce losses.
The use of water sources to regulate water, fertilizer, temperature and gas in soil can not only affect the development of crop roots, but also affect the absorption, transformation, expansion and loss of nutrients by roots, and scientific use of water sources. It can play the role of adjusting fertilizer by water, adjusting temperature by water, regulating air by water, and promoting by water. Due to different rainfall and water source conditions, in the fertilization technology, one must not apply nitrogen fertilizer in the rainy season, one is to prevent crops from growing wild, the second is to prevent fertilizer loss, and the third is to prevent pollution of water sources. Second, the operation method should pay attention to the soil moisture content. When high, it should be lightly applied, that is, the fertilizer concentration is higher, but the dosage should be less, and it should keep a certain distance from the crop plants. When the weather is dry, it is advisable to re-apply light fertilizer, or to increase the number of watering times.
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