Residential fire and fire rescue

With the continued popularity of gas, electricity, and oil, coupled with the global climate warming, the occurrence of fire is also frequent. According to statistics, from January to November this year, a total of 145,025 fires occurred in the country (mean statistics month, excluding forests, grasslands, military, underground mine fires, the same below), 1,256 people were killed, 788 were injured, and direct property losses were 883.145 million. Yuan, compared with the same period of last year, the number of deaths, injuries and injuries decreased by 32.7%, 16.3% and 43.7%, respectively, but the loss increased by 22.8%. Among them, residential fire safety management faces new problems and new challenges. In the residential fire in 2005, it accounted for more than 70% of the total.

Residential firefighting status:

(a) The fire-resistance grade of residential buildings is not high, and private construction is inconsistent. At present, there are widespread problems in the residential areas around the country that have not been uniformly planned and have not been uniformly designed. In rural areas in particular, violations of laws and regulations are particularly prominent and residents are free to build. Building houses along the street is generally a commercial store on the first floor, housing on the second floor and sharing an evacuation exit to form a “three-in-one” building; some houses are old buildings built in the 1970s, and the quality of the houses is poor. Low; in some areas, farmers generally piled firewood near their houses; in some areas, wood materials are widely used as building components; residents' interior decoration lacks supervision and management; flammable plastic gussets, wood keels, and plywood materials are widely used; Some houses have been reconstructed for office buildings, warehouses, factories and other buildings, separated by combustible materials, and their structures are complex. The channels are narrow. Even public places such as Internet cafes and saunas are connected; some residents build a simple building at random, occupy fireproof space, and block Firefighting lane, low fire resistance rating of the building.

(b) Fire facilities are not supported. At present, most of the residential areas in China do not have supporting fire-fighting facilities. There are no fire-fighting water sources in residential areas, especially in residential areas in rural areas. The fire separation distance between buildings is insufficient, fire separation measures are not taken, there is no fire-fighting lane, and residents in some areas do not want to use motor vehicles. Entering, casting concrete piers or other obstacles in the main passageway makes the fire truck unable to enter. Most families do not have corresponding fire extinguishing equipment. In the event of a fire, they can only look at the fire and sigh and burn together.

(3) The use of gas oil for domestic fires is widespread, and the fire factors increase. With the improvement of people’s living standards and improvement of living conditions, people’s living conditions have also changed. Households use liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas. Many residents often store 2-3 bottles of liquefied gas at home; some residents purchase motorcycles, cars, store and release gasoline and diesel at home, and other households store at home. Firecrackers, paints and other dangerous goods; With the popularity of electricity, many households use electric heaters, irons, electric ferrochromium, hair dryers, electric blankets and other heating appliances. If these items are used improperly, they can easily lead to fire and fire accidents.

(d) The firefighting organization is not sound and fire management is not in place. Due to the habits of people over the years, people often attach importance to the fire protection of enterprises and institutions, and attach importance to the fire protection of flammable and explosive units such as public places and chemical sites while neglecting the residential firefighting work. The residential fire safety management basically stops. Talk about speaking, stay in form. Secondly, the fire surveillance agencies and local police stations have limited police capabilities, heavy workloads, and difficult supervisory work. Residential fire control is often implemented in neighborhood committees, village committees, or property management units. Many of these grass-roots units are not trained in firefighting. Lack of systematic knowledge of fire management, therefore, it is difficult to incorporate firefighting work into day-to-day management. Measures such as daily fire safety inspections, firefighting propaganda, and timely disposal of fires are difficult to achieve.

(5) The propaganda of fire protection is not strong, and the fire-fighting awareness of residents is weak. In recent years, the fire department has done a lot of work in firefighting propaganda, and the fire safety awareness of the general public has been strengthened. However, because of the constraints of financial resources, material resources, manpower, and cultural quality of the masses, the popularization of fire safety knowledge among the people is still far. Not enough, residents lack systemic fire education and lack basic fire prevention and fire fighting knowledge. Such as throwing cigarette butts, chaotically pulling wires, living with fire, using unregulated gas, placing flammable materials at random, and dumping debris on evacuation aisles, etc. In the event of a fire accident, it cannot be dealt with promptly and it can easily lead to death.

In view of the frequent occurrence of residential fire accidents and the characteristics and problems of residential areas, the government and various related departments should effectively strengthen the fire safety management in residential areas and implement measures in accordance with local conditions. As citizens, we should strengthen the prevention of fire and knowledge of self-help. In the face of heavy smoke and raging flames, as long as the wit calms the use of knowledge of the firefield to save itself and escape, there is a good chance of saving yourself. Therefore, to master more important points of the fire scene to save themselves, the dilemma may be able to obtain a second life.

Some points of the fire escape:

A: The escape is a rehearsal and it is not in danger.

Everyone should be aware of the structure and escape route of the buildings they work, study or live in. If necessary, they can focus on organizing emergency rescue rehearsals to familiarize everyone with the firefighting facilities and methods of self-rescue and escape. In this way, when a fire breaks out, it will not feel lost. Remember: previewing beforehand will do more with less.

II: Familiar with the environment, memorize the export.

When you are in an unfamiliar environment, such as staying at a hotel, shopping at a mall, or entering an entertainment venue, for your own safety, it is important to pay attention to evacuation routes, safety exits, and stairways so that you can escape from the scene as quickly as possible. Remember: When you are safe, you must be prepared for peace time and set aside a path for yourself.

Sanhe: The exit of the passage is unimpeded.

Stairs, access roads, safety exits, etc. are the most important escape routes in the event of a fire. Unimpeded access should be ensured, and no debris or locks should be placed on the gates so that they can be safely and quickly passed in case of emergency. Remember: There is no doubt that we will die when we break through the posterior.
Four tactics: extinguish a small fire and benefit others.

When a fire occurs, if it is found that the fire is not large, and there is no great threat to people, when there are enough fire-fighting equipment around, such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, etc., you should strive to control and extinguish the small fire; do not panic Insultingly screaming chaos, setting a small fire in spite of catastrophe. Remember: race against time to extinguish an "early fire."

Five Commandments: Keep calm, clear direction and quickly evacuate.

In the event of a sudden fire, in the face of heavy smoke and fire, we must first force ourselves to remain calm, quickly determine dangerous locations and safe locations, decide on ways to escape, and evacuation as soon as possible. Do not blindly follow the flow of people and mutual crowding and chaos. Attention should be paid when evacuating. Run toward bright places or outside open spaces. Run as far as possible below the floor. If the passage has been obstructed by fireworks, you should leave in the direction of the pyrotechnics and escape outdoors through balconies, windows, and rooftops. Remember: Only when people are calm and calm can they come up with a good idea.

Six points: No risk, no greed.

In the fire, human life is the most important. If you are in danger, you should evacuate as soon as possible. Don't waste your precious time on clothes or looking for or moving away from valuables because you are shy or take care of valuables. Those who have fled from danger, do not return to danger, since the vote. Remember: Staying on Castle Peak is not afraid of not having wood.

Seven Scorpions: Simple protection, masked nose.

Escape through smoke-filled routes to prevent smoke poisoning and prevent suffocation. In order to prevent smoke from entering the fire, use towels, masks, masks, and evacuation. Flue gas is lighter than air and floats in the upper part, and evacuation close to the ground is the best way to avoid smoke inhalation and filter out toxic gas. Passing through the blocked area of ​​fireworks, you should wear gas masks, helmets, flame-retardant insulation clothes and other protective gear. If you do not have these protective gears, you can put cold water on the head and body, or use wet towels, wet quilts, wet blankets, etc. Head, body wrapped, and then washed out. Remember: Multiple protective tools are better than bare hands.

Gossip: Make good use of the channel and get into the elevator .

Buildings designed and constructed in accordance with the normative standards will have more than two escape stairs, passageways or safe days. In the event of a fire, it is advisable to enter a relatively safe stairway according to the circumstances. In addition to the use of stairs, it is also possible to use the balcony, sill, and roof of a building to climb to a safe place around it. Along the downspouts, lightning rods, and other structures in the building structure, you can slide downstairs and escape. In a high-rise building, the power supply system of the elevator can be powered off at any time in the event of a fire or the elevator is deformed due to heat and trapped in the elevator. Since the elevator shaft passes through the floors like a chimney, all smoke is directly threatened. Trapped people's lives, therefore, do not escape by ordinary elevators. Remember: It is extremely dangerous to take the elevator when you are out.

Nine Dragons: descending to escape, slip rope self-help.

High-altitude, multi-story public buildings are generally equipped with a high-altitude descent or lifeline, through which personnel can safely leave dangerous floors. If you do not have these special facilities and the safe passage has been blocked and rescue workers cannot arrive in time, you can quickly use the ropes or bed linen, curtains, clothes, etc., to make a self-made simple lifeline, and wet it with water from the windowsill or The balcony slowly slides along the rope to the floor or ground below; escape safely. Remember: Bold and life-saving ropes are on your side.

Shiyan: evacuation sites, stick to support.

If you touch the door with your hand and feel hot, once you open the door, the flames and the smoke will surely face you. The escape route was cut off and there was no rescue in a short time. At this time, we can take measures to create refuge places and stick to them. First of all, we should close the fire doors and windows, open the doors and windows of the backfire, use a damp towel to block the door seams, or wet the quilts with water to cover the windows and then stop the water from dripping through the room to prevent the smoke from infiltrating into the room. Until rescue workers arrive. Remember: How can you defend your spear?

Eleventh Night: Slowly throw light throws and seek assistance.

Persons temporarily unable to escape by the siege of fireworks should try to stay on balconies, windows and other places where they can be easily found and can avoid fireworks. In the daytime, you can shake bright clothes outside the window, or throw light dazzling things; at night, you can flash flashlights or tapping on the window with flashlights, and promptly send out an effective distress signal to the rescuers. Because the firefighters enter the room and walk along the walls, they are forced to roll to the edge of the wall or the door when they are stifled by the smoke. They are easy for firefighters to search for and rescue. In addition, rolling over to the wall can also prevent the housing structure. Collapse and hurt yourself. Remember: You must fully expose yourself and strive to save yourself effectively.

Twelve Miles: The fire is already there. Don't be scared.

If a person on the fire site finds himself caught in a fire, he must not be surprised or be beaten by hand, because winds will be formed when running or beating, and the supplement of oxygen will be accelerated to boost the fire. When the clothes on the body are on fire, they should quickly try to take off clothes or roll in place and press the fire extinguishing vaccine. It is more effective to jump into the water or let people water the body and spray the extinguishing agent. Please remember: Although rolling on the spot is awkward, the fire can be exiled.

Thirteen-year-olds: There is surgery to jump off the building, although loss of survival.

People who are in the smoke of a fire are often mentally frightened by extreme terror and close to collapse. The panic can easily lead to desperately harmful acts such as jumping out of buildings. It should be noted that only when the firefighters prepare the rescue air cushion and command to jump from the building or if the floor is not high, and the non-jumping building is burned to death, the method of jumping is adopted. Even if there is no escape route, if life has not been seriously threatened, calmly wait for the rescue of the firefighters. When non-jumping is not possible, it is also necessary to talk about skills. When jumping, you should try to jump to the middle of the rescue air cushion or choose to have a pool, soft awning, grass, etc. If possible, try to hold some quilts, sofa cushions, and other soft items or open a big umbrella to jump to reduce the impact. . If you jump to the floor by hand, you must squat the window sill or the balcony to make the body droop naturally so as to reduce the vertical distance as much as possible. Before landing, you must hold your head and curl it into a ball to reduce injuries. Jumping will cause some damage to the body, so be cautious.

In the end, it is still the sentence: safety first, prevention first. In the last week of 2007, I wish you all the best in the new year and everything! Create a safer and more secure workplace and place for others for yourself and others.

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