Recently, Professor Zeng Jie's group from the National Research Center for Microscale Material Science and the School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Hefei University of Science and Technology of China has collaborated with Professor Huang Hongwen of Hunan University to develop a proton exchange membrane with excellent catalytic activity and stability Fuel cell cathode catalyst. The result was published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, titled One-Nanometer-Thick PtNiRh Trimetallic Nanowires with Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis in Acid Media: Integrating Multiple Advantages into One Catalyst). 140, 16159-16167), the co-first authors of the paper are PhD students Li Yun and Ph.D. Li Xingxing.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the advantages of zero emission, high energy efficiency, adjustable power, etc. It is the most ideal driving power source for electric vehicles in the future and has broad market prospects. However, the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is very slow, and a large number of precious metal platinum nanocatalysts are used as electrode catalysts to maintain the efficient operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which makes the cost of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell very high , Limiting its large-scale commercial application. For this reason, it is of great significance to reduce the amount of precious metal platinum in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In platinum-based catalysts, improving the mass activity and catalytic stability of platinum-based catalysts in oxygen reduction reactions is the way to reduce the amount of precious metal platinum. At present, many reported platinum-based catalysts have excellent quality activity, but the stability of most of the catalysts is not impressive. This is because the structure that high-quality activity depends on cannot be stably thermodynamically. Platinum-based catalysts with activity and excellent stability are extremely challenging.
Faced with this problem, the researchers developed ultra-fine platinum-nickel-rhodium ternary metal nanowire catalysts by fine-tuning the dimensions, size, and composition of platinum-based catalysts. Since the diameter of the nanowire is only one nanometer, the ratio of platinum atoms on the surface to the overall platinum atoms is higher than 50%, which shows an extremely high atomic utilization rate and provides a structural basis for high catalytic mass activity. Oxygen reduction catalytic tests show that the mass activity of carbon-supported ultrafine platinum nickel rhodium ternary metal nanowire catalysts is 15.2 times that of the current commercial platinum carbon nanocatalysts. At the same time, after the carbon-supported ultra-fine platinum-nickel-rhodium ternary metal nanowire catalyst was recycled 10,000 times in an oxygen atmosphere, only 12.8% of the mass activity performance was lost, while the commercial Pt / C catalyst in the oxygen atmosphere After the next cycle of 10,000 times, the loss of mass activity performance reached 73.7%. Compared with the current commercial platinum carbon nanocatalysts, the carbon-supported ultrafine platinum nickel rhodium ternary metal nanowire catalysts have significantly improved the quality activity and catalytic stability, showing good application potential.
The research was supported by the National Academy of Sciences Key Frontier Science Research Project, National Major Scientific Research Program, National Natural Science Foundation, Postdoctoral Science Foundation, etc.
Microstructure and catalytic performance of one-dimensional ultrafine platinum-based metal nanowires
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