With the worldwide financial crisis and the countermeasures against the reduction of CO2 emissions, coupled with the establishment of a large-scale emerging economic circle led by China, the living environment of the manufacturing industry is facing a period of great change. In order to achieve high added value, profitability and high efficiency, machine tool builders have invested a lot of energy in technology development. At the same time, how to save resources and reduce energy consumption has become an important issue and has received people's attention. In order to obtain high added value, people have developed a five-axis machining center and a multi-tasking machine. In response to the call to reduce energy consumption, the miniaturization, weight reduction and related technical specifications of machine tools have been established as international standards.
Importance of the interface
The interface refers to the “connection between two devices with different performancesâ€. In the machine tool, the connection between the spindle and the tool is crucial.
In Japan, the 7/24 taper interface called BT shank is often used, and the same specifications are available in Europe and America. Since the taper shank lengths of the three types of interfaces are different from those of the ATC, they are not interchangeable during installation and are specified in the international standard (ISO7388-1/-2). In recent years, the competition in the mechanical processing industry has broken the limits of national boundaries, and the effective use of resources has become indispensable. The realization of the universalization of interfaces has become an extremely important issue.
Interface development for composite machining machines
(1) ICTM-HSK tool system
Since the late 1990s, multi-tasking machines that can simultaneously perform milling and turning on one machine have been introduced to the market by Japanese machine tool builders as a standard model. So far, this is no less inferior to machining centers. Advanced machine tools for CNC lathes are well known to the world.
In order to comply with the trend of technology development, in January 2001, eight tool system manufacturers and nine carbide cutting tool manufacturers jointly established the ICTM committee, whose purpose is to develop and promote the application of “quality interface for composite processing machinesâ€. .
ICTM ensures that the world's manufacturers can freely manufacture and sell open-standard interface systems as a basic policy to ensure the smooth development of new interfaces. In October 2002, the ICTM-HSK interface system was officially launched.
ICTM-HSK is a turning tool system that is versatile with the HSK-A milling tool system currently in use worldwide, as defined by the international standard (ISO-12164-1/-2). This shows that it is possible to use a universal tool interface on machining centers and in composite machining machines.
For the HSK-A system, the ICTM-HSK tool system precisely limits the tolerance of the tool-driven spindle of the multi-tasking machine to the inserting part of the turning tool clamping groove (side-specific position) to the micron level, which greatly improves the accuracy of the turning tool tip position. The measured value of the error in the height of the tool nose position obtained by ATC is only 10 μm at the maximum, achieving very high precision.
The main tool manufacturers have adopted this system on multi-tasking machines, and the generalization of the tool interface has made the manufacturer's choices wider.
(2) HSK-T system and international standardization
After the release of the ICTM-HSK system, it has actively cooperated with manufacturers and users in Japan and abroad. At the end of 2004, the merits of the international standards proposed by Germany were reviewed.
For this reason, the ISO (ICTM-HSK) Domestic Countermeasures Committee (organizer: Japan Tool Machinery Industry Association) was established, and the name "HSK-T (T is the abbreviation of rotation)" was introduced to the international market in January 2005. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) proposes an international standardization proposal for the ICTM-HSK system. The international standard was finalized after six procedures and four international votes.
It is undeniable that Japan’s standard proposal is somewhat abrupt. In January 2005, the first international vote was passed. In December of the same year, the working group (ISO/TC29/WG33) held a meeting in Frankfurt to review the technical content. During the period, although the representatives of Europe and the United States raised objections and other proposals, due to the adequate preparation of the countermeasures, the proposal put forward by Japan was finally adopted as the draft standard. The subsequent 2nd and 3rd rounds were successfully passed. In November 2008, the HSK-T system was published as a standard (the fourth vote was omitted).
In the process of formulating international standards, the interests of various countries are mutually restrained. ISO conferences, working groups, international voting, etc. are all passive as invited to participate in the Olympic Games, and the support of the two major tool manufacturing countries, Germany and China, has also played a role. effect.
In the fall of 2008, the new HSK-T committee was established in Europe, and more than 30 national manufacturers and business organizations participated in the new committee, accelerating the speed of the international standard.
Development trend of tool interface for compound machining machine tools
(1) Turning tool interface
The turning tool interface is very different from the block tool interface for directly mounting the non-reground blade. It is a split tool interface for mounting prismatic rods (toolbars) and round rods (drill rods).
For the widely used tool interface for outer diameter and end face machining, the tool projection at the spindle end of the machine tool is gradually shortened and the rigidity is also enhanced. The tool spindle of the composite machining machine has been changed every 120°, and the rotary tool system that realizes the intensive engineering has been commercialized.
A plan for turning the tool spindle and the machine tool spindle at the same time using the function of the multi-tasking machine tool has also been proposed. Since the cutting edge on the entire circumference of the circular insert can be continuously used, it is possible to cut the super heat-resistant alloy at high speed and high efficiency. In addition, since the compound processing machine is equipped with a high degree of freedom of the spindle, special attention must be paid to mutual interference and collision inside the machine. In response to this situation, tool manufacturers and CAD/CAM development companies have jointly participated in the development of simulation systems for 3D model data. In addition, when the milling tool system simulates rotation in DXF data, it may generate a model with a cylindrical shape. Therefore, the asymmetric shape of the turning tool interface requires dedicated three-dimensional data, and the manufacturer's countermeasures are constantly improving.
(2) Milling tool interface
More than 70% of the machining of composite machining machines is a milling process, so the choice of milling tool interface is very important. The tool interface used in the five-axis machining center is basically applicable.
In the machining of three-dimensional shaped workpieces, although the spherical cutting tool is more effective, when machining a thin-walled workpiece, there is a possibility that the flutter ripple is generated due to the large cutting back component. On a multi-tasking machine, the B-axis can be tilted to disperse the cutting force in the axial direction, making efficient machining possible.
In order to avoid interference with other parts when machining complex shapes and depths, an extended tool must be used. One of the methods is to attach the cutter head to the high-rigidity carbide shank using high-precision threaded mounting. Threaded joints are widely used by manufacturers in Japan and Europe, so they are more likely to be used interchangeably (although tool suppliers mostly recommend their own combination cutters). In addition, an elongated hot-loading tool having a high curvature from the root to the end and having a high rigidity is also very effective. In combination with an end mill with a cutting edge of 180° or more, high value-added machining is possible.
In the processing of jet engine and gas turbine related parts, composite machining machines have also been used with emphasis. In these processes, in addition to the processing method of the above-mentioned super heat-resistant alloy difficult-to-machine material, it is necessary to supply the coolant through the hollow main-axis tool cutting edge during the machining.
Recently, the FMH face milling interface with a liquid supply circuit that can be connected to the tool coolant passage port has been rapidly popularized. Like ICTM, this interface standard was developed by Japanese tool system manufacturers and carbide tool manufacturers to analyze flow and strength (in fact, has become the benchmark for standardization) and is produced by more than two manufacturers. Promote its commoditization process.
With the worldwide financial crisis and the countermeasures against the reduction of CO2 emissions, coupled with the establishment of a large-scale emerging economic circle led by China, the living environment of the manufacturing industry is facing a period of great change. In order to achieve high added value, profitability and high efficiency, machine tool builders have invested a lot of energy in technology development. At the same time, how to save resources and reduce energy consumption has become an important issue and has received people's attention. In order to obtain high added value, people have developed a five-axis machining center and a multi-tasking machine. In response to the call to reduce energy consumption, the miniaturization, weight reduction and related technical specifications of machine tools have been established as international standards.
This article will focus on the HSK-T interface system developed by the Turning and Milling Machine Tool Interface Committee (ICTM) and its international standardization, as well as various tool interface technologies.
Importance of the interface
The interface refers to the “connection between two devices with different performancesâ€. In the machine tool, the connection between the spindle and the tool is crucial.
In Japan, the 7/24 taper interface called BT shank is often used, and the same specifications are available in Europe and America. Since the taper shank lengths of the three types of interfaces are different from those of the ATC, they are not interchangeable during installation and are specified in the international standard (ISO7388-1/-2). In recent years, the competition in the mechanical processing industry has broken the limits of national boundaries, and the effective use of resources has become indispensable. The realization of the universalization of interfaces has become an extremely important issue.
Interface development for composite machining machines
(1) ICTM-HSK tool system
Since the late 1990s, multi-tasking machines that can simultaneously perform milling and turning on one machine have been introduced to the market by Japanese machine tool builders as a standard model. So far, this is no less inferior to machining centers. Advanced machine tools for CNC lathes are well known to the world.
In order to comply with the trend of technology development, in January 2001, eight tool system manufacturers and nine carbide cutting tool manufacturers jointly established the ICTM committee, whose purpose is to develop and promote the application of “quality interface for composite processing machinesâ€. .
ICTM ensures that the world's manufacturers can freely manufacture and sell open-standard interface systems as a basic policy to ensure the smooth development of new interfaces. In October 2002, the ICTM-HSK interface system was officially launched.
ICTM-HSK is a turning tool system that is versatile with the HSK-A milling tool system currently in use worldwide, as defined by the international standard (ISO-12164-1/-2). This shows that it is possible to use a universal tool interface on machining centers and in composite machining machines.
For the HSK-A system, the ICTM-HSK tool system precisely limits the tolerance of the tool-driven spindle of the multi-tasking machine to the inserting part of the turning tool clamping groove (side-specific position) to the micron level, which greatly improves the accuracy of the turning tool tip position. The measured value of the error in the height of the tool nose position obtained by ATC is only 10 μm at the maximum, achieving very high precision.
The main tool manufacturers have adopted this system on multi-tasking machines, and the generalization of the tool interface has made the manufacturer's choices wider.
(2) HSK-T system and international standardization
After the release of the ICTM-HSK system, it has actively cooperated with manufacturers and users in Japan and abroad. At the end of 2004, the merits of the international standards proposed by Germany were reviewed.
For this reason, the ISO (ICTM-HSK) Domestic Countermeasures Committee (organizer: Japan Tool Machinery Industry Association) was established, and the name "HSK-T (T is the abbreviation of rotation)" was introduced to the international market in January 2005. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) proposes an international standardization proposal for the ICTM-HSK system. The international standard was finalized after six procedures and four international votes.
It is undeniable that Japan’s standard proposal is somewhat abrupt. In January 2005, the first international vote was passed. In December of the same year, the working group (ISO/TC29/WG33) held a meeting in Frankfurt to review the technical content. During the period, although the representatives of Europe and the United States raised objections and other proposals, due to the adequate preparation of the countermeasures, the proposal put forward by Japan was finally adopted as the draft standard. The subsequent 2nd and 3rd rounds were successfully passed. In November 2008, the HSK-T system was published as a standard (the fourth vote was omitted).
In the process of formulating international standards, the interests of various countries are mutually restrained. ISO conferences, working groups, international voting, etc. are all passive as invited to participate in the Olympic Games, and the support of the two major tool manufacturing countries, Germany and China, has also played a role. effect.
In the fall of 2008, the new HSK-T committee was established in Europe, and more than 30 national manufacturers and business organizations participated in the new committee, accelerating the speed of the international standard.
Development trend of tool interface for compound machining machine tools
(1) Turning tool interface
The turning tool interface is very different from the block tool interface for directly mounting the non-reground blade. It is a split tool interface for mounting prismatic rods (toolbars) and round rods (drill rods).
For the widely used tool interface for outer diameter and end face machining, the tool projection at the spindle end of the machine tool is gradually shortened and the rigidity is also enhanced. The tool spindle of the composite machining machine has been changed every 120°, and the rotary tool system that realizes the intensive engineering has been commercialized.
A plan for turning the tool spindle and the machine tool spindle at the same time using the function of the multi-tasking machine tool has also been proposed. Since the cutting edge on the entire circumference of the circular insert can be continuously used, it is possible to cut the super heat-resistant alloy at high speed and high efficiency. In addition, since the compound processing machine is equipped with a high degree of freedom of the spindle, special attention must be paid to mutual interference and collision inside the machine. In response to this situation, tool manufacturers and CAD/CAM development companies have jointly participated in the development of simulation systems for 3D model data. In addition, when the milling tool system simulates rotation in DXF data, it may generate a model with a cylindrical shape. Therefore, the asymmetric shape of the turning tool interface requires dedicated three-dimensional data, and the manufacturer's countermeasures are constantly improving.
(2) Milling tool interface
More than 70% of the machining of composite machining machines is a milling process, so the choice of milling tool interface is very important. The tool interface used in the five-axis machining center is basically applicable.
In the machining of three-dimensional shaped workpieces, although the spherical cutting tool is more effective, when machining a thin-walled workpiece, there is a possibility that the flutter ripple is generated due to the large cutting back component. On a multi-tasking machine, the B-axis can be tilted to disperse the cutting force in the axial direction, making efficient machining possible.
In order to avoid interference with other parts when machining complex shapes and depths, an extended tool must be used. One of the methods is to attach the cutter head to the high-rigidity carbide shank using high-precision threaded mounting. Threaded joints are widely used by manufacturers in Japan and Europe, so they are more likely to be used interchangeably (although tool suppliers mostly recommend their own combination cutters). In addition, an elongated hot-loading tool having a high curvature from the root to the end and having a high rigidity is also very effective. In combination with an end mill with a cutting edge of 180° or more, high value-added machining is possible.
In the processing of jet engine and gas turbine related parts, composite machining machines have also been used with emphasis. In these processes, in addition to the processing method of the above-mentioned super heat-resistant alloy difficult-to-machine material, it is necessary to supply the coolant through the hollow main-axis tool cutting edge during the machining.
Recently, the FMH face milling interface with a liquid supply circuit that can be connected to the tool coolant passage port has been rapidly popularized. Like ICTM, this interface standard was developed by Japanese tool system manufacturers and carbide tool manufacturers to analyze flow and strength (in fact, has become the benchmark for standardization) and is produced by more than two manufacturers. Promote its commoditization process.
Concerned about surprises
Tag: Machine Tool Turning Heat-resistant alloy Interface system Threaded joint
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