Device configuration from 2D to 3D.
The rapid development and high integration of miniaturized and self-powered electronic systems urgently require the development of electrochemical miniature energy storage devices, mainly including miniature batteries and miniature supercapacitors. Among them, the planarized micro-batteries and micro-supercapacitors can be directly integrated with microelectronic devices on a single substrate, and can become independent or supplementary micro-power sources, which has attracted widespread attention.
Recently, Wu Zhongshuai, a researcher at the Dalian Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Bao Xinhe, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have attracted the attention of international colleagues in their research work on micro-energy storage devices. The Road to Capacitors: Progress from 2D to 3D Device Configuration ".
In an interview with China Science News, Bao Xinhe pointed out that on the basis of breakthroughs in basic principles, miniature energy storage devices must find suitable application scenarios, and they will conduct research on specific applications in the future.
Technical level needs to be improved
The rapid development of miniaturized and flexible electronic devices has greatly stimulated the demand for matching miniature energy storage devices. Wu Zhongshuai told China Science News that micro-energy storage devices mainly include micro-batteries and micro-supercapacitors. Micro-electromechanical systems, micro-robots, implantable medical devices, radio frequency identification tags, remote environmental sensors, portable and wearable electronic products , And wireless self-powered micro / nano systems and other aspects to provide a source of power for sustainable work, to achieve the needs of electronic devices for flexibility, multi-function, integration, and miniaturization.
Their progress report first focused on the development history and latest progress of planar micro batteries and micro super capacitors, including from basic principles to design principles, from stacked to in-plane configuration (interdigitated) geometric configuration , And the device configuration from two to three dimensions; secondly, the key electrode materials, electrolytes, device configuration, microelectrode preparation technology, and the effects of the electrode / electrolyte / current collector interface on the electrochemical performance of the micro energy storage device are discussed Finally, the technical challenges, feasible solutions and future development directions of high specific energy and multifunctional planar mini batteries and mini super capacitors are proposed.
Wu Zhongshuai's team has long been devoted to the research of two-dimensional materials and their miniature energy storage devices. According to reports, the team has made a series of important research progress: it has proposed new methods such as electrochemical stripping doping, supramolecular graded self-assembly, two-dimensional nanocell soft template, etc., to prepare graphene and doped graphene, super Molecular thiophene, black phosphorene, MXene, mesoporous oxide / polymer and other two-dimensional nano-energy materials.
In addition, the team also developed new technologies for the efficient preparation of microelectrodes by ultraviolet light reduction and mask-assisted filtration, established the construction principles of high specific energy, flexible, and high-security micro-energy storage devices, and developed a variety of different planar structures. Type miniature energy storage devices, such as ionic liquid gel-based miniature supercapacitors, arbitrary shape miniature supercapacitors, lithium ion minicapacitors, lithium ion miniature batteries, zinc ion miniature batteries. At the same time, a new strategy for the integrated construction of microelectrodes, conductive connectors and flexible current collectors was also proposed, and a highly integrated miniature supercapacitor module was developed with an output operating voltage exceeding 100 volts.
However, Wu Zhongshuai said that currently, stacked lithium-ion micro-batteries have some applications in implantable medical devices, but the research of interdigitated micro-batteries, other types of micro-batteries, and micro-supercapacitors is still being explored in the laboratory. At this stage, there is still a long way to go before large-scale applications.
"At present, the domestic research of micro supercapacitors is in a leading position, including electrode materials and electrode preparation technology, but the research of micro batteries is still lagging abroad." Wu Zhongshuai admitted.
Wu Zhongshuai pointed out that although micro film capacitors and batteries have a wide range of applications, the market gap is very large, and the production technology level of domestic enterprises still needs to be improved. Only by increasing technical innovation and improving product quality can we expand the domestic market and enter the international market. For the large-scale application of miniature energy storage devices, there is still a need to solve the problems of large-scale, low-cost simple manufacturing technology, lightweight packaging technology, device cost, and matching between energy storage and production capacity systems.
Self-powered integrated system is the main direction
"In order to meet the operational requirements of various microelectronic devices and microsystems, the biggest challenge or difficulty of microenergy storage devices is the improvement of energy density and power density. At the same time, the problem of long battery life and the development of multifunctional devices need to be solved. For example, flexible, integrated and intelligent. "Wu Zhongshuai said that in order to achieve the above goals, it needs to be considered from the five aspects of electrode material, electrode preparation, electrolyte selection, device configuration and interface contact.
Wu Zhongshuai said that the electrochemical performance of micro energy storage devices is mainly determined by the active electrode material. The electrode material with nanopore structure, high conductivity, and small volume expansion coefficient is the key to achieving fast transmission of ions and electrons and long endurance life. It can achieve high energy density while maintaining high power density. In addition, we must strengthen the development of large-scale, fast, low-cost electrode preparation technology.
In addition, he also proposed to pay attention to the development of high ion conductivity, high safety and high voltage electrolytes, especially the development of aqueous high-salt electrolytes and all-solid electrolytes; the optimization of the configuration and structure of two-dimensional and three-dimensional devices, the design has Shorter ion transmission path, larger specific surface area, electrode configuration with rich pores to achieve maximum specific capacity and energy density in a given area; compatible interface design, including between electrode and current collector, electrode and electrolyte The interface between them creates a good electronic ion conduction path.
Wu Zhongshuai emphasized that with the rise of the Internet of Things and 5G intelligent equipment, a major research direction for micro-energy storage devices in the future is independent self-powered integrated systems. The system requires the integration of effective coupling of production capacity (solar cells, nano-generators), energy storage (miniature energy storage devices) and energy use (miniature sensors). In addition, the use of solid electrolytes to build all-solid micro-energy storage devices will help the realization of self-powered integrated systems, and will continue to promote the flexibility of civilian use, the miniaturization of electronic devices, and the future integration of military equipment.
Conduct research based on application scenarios
In the interview, Bao Xinhe emphasized that the next development of micro-energy storage devices should target specific application scenarios and focus on system integration and optimization. He pointed out that different applications require different battery characteristics. Some require high energy density and some require high power density. The research direction and strategy will change accordingly. But in any case, improving the "endurance" of miniature energy storage devices is very critical.
"This aspect is nothing more than two main research directions. One is to start with materials and processes to improve the storage capacity of the device, and the other is to start with physics and control to improve charging performance. For example, if you consider an implantable application scenario , You can consider the non-contact charging method. "Bao Xinhe pointed out.
Wu Zhongshuai also said that they will develop energy or power micro energy storage devices for specific application scenarios for different application scenarios, and adopt new strategies and devices to continue to improve the endurance of micro energy storage devices and develop high capacity. Device and non-contact charging method.
In addition, miniature energy storage devices have important application prospects in the fields of wearable electronic products, miniature self-driven detectors, etc., which also puts forward higher requirements for the preparation technology of miniature energy storage devices. In this regard, Yan Chenglin, a professor at the Energy College of Suzhou University, wrote that the superiority of the self-coiling technology in the preparation of tubular structure electrodes and in-situ electrochemical research, especially in the preparation of micro-energy storage devices, is also worth Follow and study in depth.
Yan Chenglin said that the self-curling technology is a method to realize the self-bending of two-dimensional film materials by using the residual stress existing in the material. Compared with the traditional micro-nano manufacturing process, this method can arrange the two-dimensional thin film electrode materials in an orderly curl at the micrometer scale, which provides an effective and convenient way for the preparation of miniature energy storage devices. (â– Our reporter Li Huiyu Liu Wansheng)
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