1. Analysis of file structure Although the shape of the file is square, triangular and cylindrical, their main machined surface shapes are the same. In the length direction, all kinds of files have a certain arc and taper. Most people tend to ignore this point. They think that as long as the end is flat and the hand moves horizontally, the workpiece can be pulled out. This is actually a misunderstanding. Through the shape of the file, we can see that on the entire machining surface, the file has a horizontal surface in the handle, and at two-thirds there is a significant arc, and the working surface of the file is perpendicular to the horizontal surface. , you will find that the knives are not straight. In theory, even if your hands are horizontal, the scalpel movement of the sickle is not straight, and its trajectory is changing.
We know that the machining allowance for boring is generally small. Manual boring mainly relies on physical strength as the power. This power is not persevering, but changes with time and human physical strength. This is unfavorable for boring work. .
2. Correct boring method Try to maintain horizontal movement during boring. When pushing the rake face of the boring tool on the workpiece, the left hand is slightly stressed and the right hand is balanced. In the latter part, the right hand is forced and the left hand is balanced. Then, by observing the boring lines to determine the effect of boring, such as the use of cross boring, from the joint state of the texture, the processing of the boring plane can be clearly known, and it is convenient to adjust the direction of the boring force and maintain the working surface at any time. Consistency; Make measurements at the same time, record after each measurement, in order to guide the processing.
If the texture of the boring is found to be unevenly processed, or the dimensional shape error is measured, this phenomenon is mostly the bulging angle in the machined surface. The whole processing surface is commonly known as the "muddy back". This is due to the incorrect method of the end grip. And the boring is not stable, or the shape and performance of the boring tool are not known. At this time, to eliminate this convex phenomenon and to avoid smashing the convex phenomenon, it is necessary to use the arc surface of the previously mentioned trowel.
Use the arc on the boring tool to face the plane. It is necessary to consciously and destinationly honing and eliminating the convex surface of the machined part. At the same time, it is measured multiple times, compared with the square ruler and the feeler gauge, until the qualified product is taken out. Use a circular surface to ensure that the workpiece is not machined into a concave shape. At the same time, this method can be extended to the processing of shapes such as round holes, square holes and keyways.
3. Choosing the thickness of the trowel and selecting the amount of machining The selection of the trowel is also a more serious problem, mainly based on the workpiece's requirements for surface roughness and precision. The general principles are: coarse grain for roughing, medium coarse and fine grain for semi-finishing, fine lines and oily finish for finishing.
After the file is selected, the allowance for the machining allowance is also important. Since the boring workpiece is generally not large, the theoretical boring allowance should not exceed 0.5 mm. If the workpiece is large and the amount of allowance is large, it is obviously time-consuming, labor-intensive, and uneconomical to boring. Mechanical processing should be considered. In addition, the following problems should be noted when boring.
(1) Do not use excessive force when rough, do not think that the roughest can remove the most margin in the shortest time. Roughness is especially careful. This is because the rough is relatively small and sharp. If you don't pay attention, it will easily hurt the processing surface, causing deep processing marks, which will make it difficult to remove roughing and semi-finishing. Knife marks. At the same time, due to the relatively small number of coarse-toothed boring blades, it is easy to make it wear and blunt quickly, and it will keep the swarf too much in the blade. This will affect the boring efficiency of the boring tool and the service life of the boring tool will be greatly reduced. . In the boring operation, the force is pushed forward, and the back is lightly pulled back to avoid the back angle of the boring blade and the scratched surface, which improves the life of the boring tool.
(2) When semi-finishing, apply chalk ash on the fine boring to reduce the chip space. This will keep the boring tool sharp and avoid excessive scraping in the chip pocket and scratch the surface of the workpiece.
(3) When finishing, it is more important to use 锉, and it is required to choose fine 油 and 油 锉. When using a knife, use a knife to eat the knife. According to the machining allowance, you should not use blind force and push back slowly. As long as the correct method of operation is strictly followed, it is possible to machine workpieces that meet the surface roughness and accuracy requirements.
(4) Do not use oil stone and abrasive cloth during boring. As long as the correct boring technique is mastered, the processed workpiece will surely meet the requirements of the pattern. If oil stone and abrasive cloth are used, the texture will be destroyed. Secondly, if the operation is improper, the edges and corners of the workpiece will be deformed, which makes the workpiece look lack of beauty and texture.
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