Abstract How can I make a toy car for my child? Just use CAD software on your computer to make a 3D model, then put it in a 3D printer and print it out. All this is not a dream, but a reality - 3D printing, this new technology, also known as "rapid forming", with...
How can I make a toy car for my child? Just use CAD software on your computer to make a 3D model, then put it in a 3D printer and print it out. It’s not a dream, it’s a reality – 3D printing, a new technology called “rapid prototyping.†Unlike traditional “material removal†technology, it follows the “addition principle†and can be directly Converting designs from computers into models and even making parts or molds directly eliminates the need for traditional tools, fixtures, and machine tools. History is always strikingly similar. A total of one hundred years ago, in 1913, Henry Ford developed the world's first assembly line. This new production method made the car a mass product and brought about a revolution in industrial production.
As with the innovation in production methods brought about by Ford's “pipeline†100 years ago, it has been suggested that 3D printing technology is expected to “change†the world again. The US "Time" magazine has listed 3D printing as "the ten fastest growing industries in the United States", and the British "Economist" magazine believes that it will "cooperate with other digital production models to promote the third industrial revolution."
Back in history, mankind has experienced two industrial revolutions, and each industrial revolution is based on the technological revolution and is the leader. An important criterion of the industrial revolution is that the production method has undergone a subversive innovation that can be widely promoted. The root cause of the first industrial revolution was that due to the invention and improvement of the steam engine, the power intensity required for production had undergone a qualitative leap, and the textile products were freed from the human production mode. The second industrial revolution occurred because of the use of electricity, which made a qualitative leap in production power intensity and production control precision, making mass production possible.
Since the 1940s and 1950s, human beings have made major breakthroughs in the fields of atomic energy, electronic computers, microelectronics, aerospace technology, molecular biology, and genetic engineering. As humans enter the new technology era, the speed of technology transformation into productivity has greatly accelerated. New technologies have become the most active factor in social productivity.
Especially after entering the 1980s, we entered the Internet era based on the development of information technology. The continuous innovation of new technologies not only promotes the continued prosperity of the global economy, but also changes our lives. The world fully enjoys the technology of the Internet age. The bonus brought by innovation.
However, in the first decade of the new century, technological innovation in the global economy seems to have entered a bottleneck. At the same time, with the international financial crisis and the European debt crisis, the global economy continued to slump. Therefore, people realized that the last round of the new technological revolution has developed to the present, is the dividend that we enjoy driven by technological innovation is coming to an end, has the world economy reached the "eve of the night" of a new industrial revolution?
From the evolution of the large-scale economic crisis, the most difficult period of the economy is also a crucial period for the technological and industrial revolution, and a general development path is that after each crisis, the economic recovery, in addition to macroeconomic policy stimulus, It is nothing more than the promotion of the emerging industrial revolution caused by the technological innovation revolution.
Historically, cars and information technology have successfully played such roles. From 1929 to 1933, the Great Depression occurred in the United States. Although the US economy has regressed for 30 years, relying on technological innovations in the fields of automobiles, petrochemicals, and communications, the US economy has been restored in only eight years, entering the era of heavy chemical industry and becoming the world's chief economic power. Similarly, during the two oil crises more than 30 years ago, the heavy chemical industries such as steel, automobiles, and chemicals in the economies of the United States, Europe, and Japan suffered severely, but the United States, which has rich experience in dealing with the crisis, has vigorously developed computers, aerospace, and bioengineering. A number of emerging industries with high added value and low energy consumption have successfully completed the transformation of the economic structure. At about the same time, Europe has achieved a large number of advanced technological achievements in the fields of computers, robots, communication networks, biotechnology, new materials, etc., laying a solid foundation for industrial transformation. Japan has also achieved leap-forward development in the fields of automobiles and electronics, which has created an unprecedented prosperity for the economy.
History has proven time and time that industrial change is often triggered by the combination of new communication technologies and new energy systems. The first industrial revolution was represented by lithography and steam engines; the second industrial revolution was marked by the combination of telecommunications technology and internal combustion engines.
At present, the second industrial revolution is “days and thin mountainsâ€. With the depletion of oil and other fossil energy sources that support the industrialized lifestyle, the entire industrial structure based on fossil fuels is also running weak. And the "third industrial revolution" is coming out. In this revolution of "integrating Internet technology and renewable energy", digital, information, intelligent and personalized production methods will replace traditional manual and machine methods. .
3D printing technology just fits this feature.
Now, 3D printing and new energy technologies are dramatically improving people's productivity. At present, human beings are in the midst of new technologies, and it is still unclear whether 3D printing can promote humanity to achieve the third industrial revolution. But one thing can be confirmed. At present, whoever masters the "key" of the new technological revolution and drives development with innovation, who can win the initiative and win the future in the fierce competition.
Extended reading:
What is 3D printing?
3D printing, a kind of rapid prototyping technology, is a technique of constructing an object by layer-by-layer printing based on a digital model file using a bondable material such as powdered metal or plastic. 3D printing is usually done using a digital technology material printer. In the past, it was often used in the manufacture of molds in the fields of mold manufacturing and industrial design. It is now being used for the direct manufacture of some products, and parts that have been printed using this technology. The technology is used in the jewelry, footwear, industrial design, construction, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographic information systems, civil engineering, firearms and other fields.
What is the principle of 3D printing?
3D printing is not a new technology. This idea originated in the United States at the end of the 19th century and was developed and promoted in the 1980s. The China Internet of Things School and Enterprise Alliance called it "the thought of the last century, the technology of the last century, the market of this century." 3D printing is usually done using a digital technology material printer. The output and sales of such printers have grown tremendously since the 21st century, and their prices are declining year by year.
Using a printer is like printing a letter: tap the “Print†button on the computer screen, a digital file is sent to an inkjet printer, which sprays a layer of ink onto the surface of the paper to form a pair of two Dimensional image. In 3D printing, the software performs a series of digital slices through computer-aided design (CAD) and transfers the information from the slices to a 3D printer that stacks successive thin layers until a solid object is formed. The biggest difference between a 3D printer and a conventional printer is that the "ink" it uses is a real raw material.
There are many different forms of stacked thin layers. Some 3D printers use the "inkjet" approach. For example, an Israeli 3D printer company called Objet used a printer nozzle to spray a very thin layer of liquid plastic material onto a mold tray, which was then placed under UV light for processing. The mold tray is then lowered by a very small distance for the next layer to be stacked. Another company based in Minneapolis, USA, Stratasys uses a technique called "fusion molding" in which the entire process is to melt the plastic in the nozzle and then form a thin layer by depositing plastic fibers.
Still others use powder particles as a printing medium. The powder particles are sprayed onto the mold tray to form an extremely thin layer of powder which is then cured by the sprayed liquid binder. It can also be cast into a specified shape using a technique called "laser sintering." This is also the technology used by the German EOS company on its superposition process manufacturing machine. In Switzerland, Arcam uses molten electrons in a vacuum to melt powder particles. The above mentioned are just a few of the many molding methods.
When encountering complex structures such as holes and cantilevers, a gel or other substance needs to be added to the media to provide support or to take up space. This part of the powder will not be cast, and finally the pores can be formed by simply flushing the support with water or a gas stream. The media that can be used today for printing range from plastics to metals, ceramics and rubber. Some printers can also be combined with different media to make the printed object hard and soft at the other end.
Scientists are using 3D printers to create simple living tissues such as skin, muscles and blood vessels, and it is likely that one day we will be able to make large human organs like the kidneys, liver and even the heart. If the bioprinter is able to use the patient's own stem cells, the rejection after organ transplantation will be reduced. People can also print food, for example, scientists at Cornell University have successfully printed cupcakes. Almost everyone believes that the killer app in the food industry will be a machine that can print chocolate.
1.cylindrical milling cutter
Used for processing flat surfaces on horizontal milling machines. Cutter teeth are distributed on the circumference of the milling cutter, and are divided into straight teeth and spiral teeth according to tooth shape. According to the number of teeth and coarse teeth and two kinds of fine teeth. The helical tooth rough tooth milling cutter has fewer teeth, high tooth strength and large chip space, which is suitable for rough machining. Fine-tooth milling cutters are suitable for finishing.
2. face milling cutter
Also known as disc milling cutter, used for vertical milling machine, end milling machine or gantry milling machine processing plane, end face and circumference have cutter teeth, also have coarse teeth and fine teeth. The structure has three kinds: integral type, insert type and transferable type.
3. End milling cutter
Used for processing grooves and step surface, knife teeth in the circumference and end face, can not work along the axial feed. When the end mill has end teeth through the center, axial feed can be provided.
4. Three-side edge milling cutter
Used for processing all kinds of grooves and steps, its two sides and circumference are provided with cutter teeth.
5. Angle milling cutter
For milling grooves at a certain Angle, there are two kinds of single Angle and double Angle milling cutters.
6.Saw Blade milling cutter
Used for machining deep grooves and cutting off workpieces, there are more cutter teeth on the circumference. In order to reduce the friction during milling, there are 15 '~1° auxiliary Angle on both sides of the cutter teeth. In addition, there are keyway milling cutters, dovetail slot milling cutters, T - shaped slot milling cutters and various forms of milling cutters.
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