Fruit and vegetable vegetables mainly include: pepper, cucumber and tomato. The symptoms of premature aging are: plant atrophy, yellowing of leaves, late fruit ripening, low yield, and serious premature death of plants. The main cause of premature aging is high temperature and rain, and the prevention methods are as follows.
First, pruning at the right time.
The main function of the topping is to prevent the plants from growing, reducing the excessive consumption of nutrients, and promoting the multiple results of the plants. Practice has proved that the reasonable pruning of pepper can significantly increase its yield. The operation method is as follows: after the first batch of peppers are harvested (the pepper mash is already in the rest stage), 8 branches growing above 4 large branches near the base are cut off. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, which not only can reduce the excessive consumption of nutrients, but also make the 4 large branches near the base grow good ventilation, reduce the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruit, and increase the yield of pepper. Cucumber should be topped in 25 leaves to promote the formation of the head melon, otherwise it will easily cause the nutrient transport to be blocked. The topping time of the tomato should be after the 4th flower and fruit setting, and leave 2 leaves on the ear, so as to avoid premature senescence of the roots and the lower leaves of the plant. Do not pick the heart when the 4th inflorescence has just blossomed.
Second, remove the old leaves. All kinds of fruits and vegetables should be removed from the old leaves, dead leaves and diseased leaves in the lower part of the plant in time to prevent the field from being closed. This not only can reduce the nutrient consumption of the plant, but also effectively control the spread and spread of the disease, and is also conducive to ventilation and light transmission in the field, and promote the robust growth of the plant.
Third, early harvest. Fruit and vegetable vegetables promote early harvesting, which can reduce nutrient consumption and prevent premature aging of plants. Fourth, timely topdressing. Timely topdressing provides sufficient nutrients for plant growth and development, which is the key to preventing plant aging. The best time for top dressing is after fruit harvesting. Generally, it can be combined with irrigation to apply decomposed human excrement or nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer 1 or 2 times. Cucumber is applied with 10 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu, and 10 kg of urea is applied to the eggplant per mu. The fertilizer should be applied more appropriately. The per mu can be applied to 12 kg of diammonium phosphate, but the fertilizer needs to be dissolved in water. It is not advisable to dig the ground because it is afraid of hurting the roots of the pepper.
5. Irrigation and cooling. In the hot summer months, irrigation can be carried out according to the weather and soil moisture. When irrigating, water should be poured to prevent the roots of the ridge from damaging the roots of the plants. At the same time, after the heavy rain, the drainage and flood control work should be done to ensure the normal growth and development of the seedlings.
Sixth, prevention and treatment of insects.
For fruits and vegetables, attention should be paid to the early prevention and control of aphids. Generally, the leaves can be sprayed with 20% of the pyrethroid emulsion 800-1000 times. For cucumber powdery mildew, 50% tobuzin 800-1000 times liquid or 25% powder rusting WP 1200 times liquid spray can be used for prevention and control. For cucumber downy mildew, 40% ethyl aluminum phosphate 300-400 times liquid or 25% toxic mildew can be used. 1000 times liquid spray control. The control of tomato gray mold can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil WP 600-800 times, or 50% thiophanate WP 500 times. Prevention and treatment of eggplant plague can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 700 times solution or 50% chlordamine 500 times solution at the beginning of the disease, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, a total of 3 to 4 times, spray Spray evenly on the leaves and fruits, which can effectively control the development of the disease.
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