Feeding management of breeding pigs is a very important production process. It is an important factor in evaluating the production efficiency of breeding pigs. How can we produce sows to optimize their production performance so that they can produce sows in a certain period of time? What are the number of piglets with a large number of births, strong physical fitness and even and neat? This requires a most comfortable production environment. From a genetic point of view: the best production environment determines the highest production energy of an animal. Therefore, it is of great significance to do everything in its power to do a good job in the management of pregnant sows.
With the industrialization and intensification of the pig industry in China, most pig farms have adopted the method of breeding and management of breeding pigs in order to facilitate the breeding and management of breeding pigs. This feeding management method limits the activities of sows to a wide range. It has the advantage of about 60 cm, about 180 cm long and about 1 m high. It can control the feed intake of pregnant sows at different stages of pregnancy, and feed evenly, which is convenient for daily management. Its shortcomings: due to the narrow space of the activity, the distribution of the uterus after absorption of nutrients is uneven, so that the fetus is unevenly developed in the mother, prone to adhesion between the fetus and the mother, and the rate of weak and disabled children is increased. In the later period, due to lack of exercise, the mother was over-fertilized, the uterine contractile muscles were weak, and eventually caused dystocia, and the mortality rate increased accordingly.
The following is an analysis of the characteristics of fetal development in pregnant sows during pregnancy and the correct use of sows in the positioning bar during pregnancy:
1. After the sow is compounded, the sperm eggs combine to form a fertilized egg. After the fertilized egg is formed, it is in a free state in the uterus. After about 12-24 days, it can be combined with the endometrium to form a bed (or implant). ). Whether the fertilized egg can be better combined with the endometrium is directly related to the fertility rate of the sow. Experiments have shown that sows generally ovulate 20-25, the fertilization rate of eggs is as high as 95%, but the final output is only about 11, which indicates that 30% -40% of fertilized eggs die in the embryonic stage, obviously, Reducing unnecessary movements in pregnant sows is also an important aspect of reducing embryonic death. In the implantation stage of fertilized eggs, maintaining a quiet environment is of great significance for better implantation of fertilized eggs. At this stage, the pregnant sow should maintain a quiet and comfortable state, try to avoid the influence of human eviction, whipping and other factors. At this stage, the pig farm with the positioning bar equipment should live the pregnant sow in the breeding environment of the positioning bar. Limiting its excessive movement to prevent the sperm from being able to implant better. In addition, in the feeding and management environment of the positioning bar, the feed intake can be better controlled, and the lack or excess of nutrient supply due to too much or too little feed intake can be avoided, causing the embryo to be damaged due to nutrient absorption. Death. According to the growth and development rules of the embryo in the mother, from the fertilization to the 80th day of pregnancy, the fetus grows slowly at this stage. Its main task is to supply a proper amount of nutrients, maintain a proper physique, and reduce unnecessary movement of the pregnant sow. To reduce the rate of abortion and increase the conception rate of sows. At this stage, a proper amount of nutrients can be supplied by positioning to reduce the movement of the sow, thereby greatly increasing the conception rate of the sow.
Second , after 80 days of age, it is the golden stage of embryonic growth and development, and it also turns into a rapid development stage, which requires a huge increase in nutrients. This stage is also a kind of nutrient (such as proteinoids) that the embryo competes for the secretion of the placenta and is conducive to its development. During this period, if the pregnant sow does not get proper exercise at this time, the mother's nervous system is paralyzed and cannot be evenly spread, resulting in uneven blood circulation in the uterus, accompanied by a lack of nutrient supply, and the final embryo will be based on its own Characteristics, the absorption of nutrients, resulting in uneven development of the embryo. It is also possible that some of the embryos will die due to lack of nutrition; due to the rapid growth of the fetus in the late pregnancy, the nutritional needs are high, and the sow's digestive system is squeezed, the feed intake is not increased, and the sow gain is slowed down. At this time, if the proper exercise is not obtained, and the feed intake is insufficient, the sow will suffer from malnutrition, the digestibility will decrease, and the fetus will not get enough nutrients to meet its rapid growth and development needs, directly affecting Fetal development, and prone to stillbirth, mummies or weak babies. At this stage, the sows should be immediately transferred from the living environment of the positioning bar to the ordinary pens that can get proper exercise. The size of the house is 1.5 meters wide and 6 meters long in the inner and outer circle houses. . In this breeding environment, pregnant sows can get proper exercise, which not only can fully digest and absorb nutrients, so that the fetus can get nutrients in the mother to meet their growth needs, and can also avoid maternal abdominal deposition due to fetal dysplasia. Too much fat leads to stillbirth or weak litter; sows in this breeding environment can fully restore the maternal body, the nutrient absorption is sufficient, the fetus is evenly developed, avoiding adhesion between the fetus or between the fetus and the mother; the maternal body is normal, Moderately fat and thin; through appropriate exercise, the maternal reproductive system function metabolism is enhanced, which is conducive to the normal contraction force of the sows during the delivery of the abdominal muscles and uterine muscles, which is conducive to the delivery of the fetus and reduces the rate of stillbirth caused by the mother's ineffective birth. It also avoids the occurrence of metritis and vaginitis due to dystocia.
Third , perinatal period (2 weeks before 2 weeks after )
Two weeks before birth: At this stage, because the fetus has basically formed, the burden supported by the sow is relatively large, and the exercise is cautious. The main task is to avoid the abortion of the sow due to improper exercise in the pen, especially in the rainy weather. Because there is more rain in the pens and the ground is slippery, the sows and their abortions have occurred. At this time, the sows should be transferred from the pregnancy to the delivery room, and the feeding bar of the delivery room and the size of the pregnancy bar. Should be equivalent, first, familiar with the environment, second, restricting its movements, avoiding accidents, and third, it is convenient to control the care during feeding and childbirth.
Two weeks after delivery: for the piglet breastfeeding stage. At this time, whether in the country or abroad, whether in large modern breeding farms or small ordinary breeding farms, it is mainly to restrict the movement of pigs. Although the production equipment manufacturers produce different products, the space of this production column is similar to the size of the positioning bar. The movement of the sow is restricted, causing the piglets to be crushed and crushed. According to statistics, the piglets that are crushed and crushed account for 10-20% of the total litter size, or even higher, directly affecting the weaned piglets. Survival rate. If you give the pig a large space, its movement will expand, increase the circulation of blood through exercise, which is conducive to the increase and secretion of milk, which is more conducive to the recovery of the sow's postpartum constitution; the piglet will be crushed and crushed. Greatly reduced, the weaning survival rate of piglets is greatly improved.
Feeding management of pregnant sows is a very complex production process, and each stage of its production is very important, and the adverse factors of each stage will affect the litter size. As a breeder, understand the physiological characteristics of each stage of the pregnant sow, and give a reasonable production environment according to its physiological characteristics, so that it can exert the best production performance.
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