Xi'an decoration classroom Chen Gong family decoration book furniture color matching guide:
Choosing the color of furniture should mainly be considered from several aspects such as the hue, brightness and kitchen furniture environment of the furniture color, the family population of the use object, the member structure, and the cultural quality. The hue and lightness of the furniture color can be used to appetite and emotions of the object. Therefore, the furniture color must be carefully selected.
Orange is considered a very bold color, but also a sign of vitality, is a lively, exciting color. In terms of use and color, it is a fancy color; gray is a mixture of black and white, the use of gray tone depends on whether it is white or black. Gray does not have its own characteristics, and it is easy to integrate with the surrounding environment; purple is an over-color, which contains two opposite sides, because it is a mixture of active red and passive blue. Purple expresses the inner calmness and imbalance, which is both mysterious and charming; the blue sign is calm and introverted.
The effect of red can be dynamic, which is why red is the reason to make a room more vibrant. The colors that are paired with the reds are easily overshadowed, but the combination of black and white is particularly radiant; brown is the original color of wood and land, it makes people feel safe, friendly, and can achieve a comfortable and gentle effect. In the room with brown furniture, it is easier for people to feel the true feeling of home. Brown is also the ideal color of the floor, because brown makes people feel smooth;
Light blue is friendly, expanding, easy to create atmosphere. Dark blue is firm and tight; yellow has a radiant effect and is most often used on smooth surfaces. Yellow floors should be avoided because it is a very unstable color; green is a quiet color and is especially suitable for bedrooms; Quiet, pale blue-green is cold, but fresh.
Pre-renovation preparations Home improvement principles: application, beautification, economy;
Home decoration preparation:
1. Preliminary Preparation: First of all, you should carefully understand your own house structure, measure the actual area and draw a detailed structure diagram. The main purpose is to understand the specific layout (including reasonable changes to the original structure) and the total cost of renovation (including the price of materials and labor costs) can have a general idea of ​​how to decorate their own houses.
2. Funds Preparation: In general, the total cost of decorating should be 10% to 20% of the housing price.
3. Material budget and cost allocation: At present, people are pursuing comfort-oriented, and the distribution ratio of material costs is reasonable: toilet and kitchen occupy 45%, hall 35%, and bedroom 20%.
4. Construction schedule: Take the two rooms and one hall as an example. Under normal circumstances, the construction period is about 30 days. If you count some other factors, such as changing the design plan, you can also up to 40 days.
5, professional knowledge preparation: In the home decoration, to make a certain savings of professional knowledge.
6, market research and research:
(l) Survey of basic prices:
Home decoration is an economic activity, and price is an important factor. In the aspect of design and construction price, we also need a preliminary understanding of the family in order to be aware of what to do and to be able to cope with it when the decoration is in operation.
(2) Survey of market conditions:
A thorough understanding of the home improvement market. , Should go to a professional institution, unit or organization to understand, such as decoration associations, decoration service centers and so on.
(3) Choice of home decoration operation methods:
1 Looking directly at the decoration team: This method has certain risks, mainly because it does not understand the construction unit.
2 Find a decoration team in the home decoration market: It is a way to save energy.
3 Through the intermediary to determine the construction team: There are two situations for the intermediary, one is introduced by friends and relatives, this method is limited by the breadth and depth of the intermediary's exposure to the industry. The other kind is introduced through a professional service organization. The team introduced by it should be safe and reliable.
4 Determine the construction team through the network: This is a brand-new way to save money and time.
7. Ways to save money:
(1) Careful planning and perfect design are the first ways to save money.
(2) Use the "finishing touch" method. The key decoration places can use high-grade materials and fine workmanship; other parts of the decoration take a simple, crisp approach, materials Mandarin, simplistic workmanship.
(3) Relying on decoration companies is a quick way to save money. The decoration company has fixed outlets on the material selection, and the materials have better prices; they have experience in construction and fine workmanship; there are matching services and quality assurance. Therefore, it is best not to ask the workers directly for construction and save money on the surface. Actually, you may cause greater economic losses because of your wrong choices.
(4) Follow the rules and close a good budget decision. In the course of construction, it is unavoidable to change and modify, and the process record should be prepared with reference to the original project list so that the increase and decrease items can be cleaned up in the final accounts.
Home improvement five steps:
Formulate programs, choose grades: high-end, mid-range, low-grade;
Planning and design, rational arrangement: provide a list of items to be placed;
Understand the market, master the price: a general understanding of the material price;
Sign the contract, mutual restraint: avoid complaints;
Contrast with contract, acceptance project: Find problems and solve them in time.
How to settle home decoration:
In general, the method of decoration needs to be calculated as follows:
1. Design account: Design fee accounts for 5%-20% of the entire renovation fee.
2, material account: The current decoration materials are already product streamlining, decoration has become a model, in fact, it is a combination. Therefore, running three building materials markets, you can find the end price.
3, inquiry: In fact, the inquiry is bargaining, its purpose is to explore the reserve price of the material.
4. Budget: On the basis of designing and asking for price, together with the decorator, budget out the cost of the entire renovation.
5, time account: After all, renovation is a big expense, therefore, before the decoration must allow enough time to design, materials, inquiry and budget to do, the more fully prepared in advance, the faster the speed of renovation.
6. Equity account: In accordance with the above-mentioned progress, a contractor who has the decoration qualification and ability to complete the contract, the contract shall include the materials used, the designated brand, and the mutually agreed prices.
Renovation should pay attention to what new homes are ready to deliver. It's time to plan out the renovation plans. The following five steps are indispensable, you may wish to compare:
1. Recognize the qualifications of the decoration company. Choosing a decoration company must first examine whether it has the qualifications for performing decoration works. In addition to checking business licenses, whether or not the company has a formal office and whether it can issue qualified tickets is a matter of careful inspection.
Second, the quality of decoration depends largely on the quality of the construction team. So before the renovation, you have to look at the construction team used by the decoration company. It is best to take a look at the construction site to see if the craftsmanship is fine. At the same time, whether the construction team has strength can be seen from the tools they use. At present, the degree of electrification of the decoration works is very high. Generally, the construction teams that have strength generally use electric steam pumps, nail guns and other tools in order to improve the quality and efficiency.
In addition, you can examine the work done by this decoration company to evaluate its design and construction level. The level and qualifications of interior designers are directly related to the level of design, so it is best to ask the designer of this company in detail. If you are a friend, you can also find out about the company through acquaintances. But sometimes friends and family are not experts in this area, and it is inevitable that they will be misleading, so we still have to believe in our own judgment.
Since many companies that currently engage in home improvement services are small companies that do not have a national qualification level for decoration, they must be carefully examined to avoid losses.
2. After a preliminary contact with the decoration company has chosen the decoration company, it is necessary to contact them initially. Of course, the first is the requirement and the price.
At present, there are two ways for decoration company to quote: First, how much money is reported by the customer, and the design and quotation are started by the decoration company in combination with the requirements; second, the customer requests the decoration of the house, and the decoration company reports the realization of these requirements. How much will it cost?
Many consumers are willing to use the second way of negotiation. The purpose is to prevent decoration companies from exploring the bottom. Consumers want decoration companies to offer first, and they have room for comparison and counter-offer. But in fact, this practice is not necessary. The profit rate of all formal decoration companies is almost the same, the difference is that the design strength and after-sales service are good or bad. So when you come into contact with a decoration company, you'd better direct yourself to how much money you're going to spend and what you want to achieve. All of them will tell the decoration company to see if they accept it. If the decoration company agrees to undertake your home improvement project, it can enter the specific design, quotation and negotiation stage.
3. Put an end to the loopholes in the decoration contract. After the approval of the quotation, the formal decoration company will sign a construction contract or agreement with you. In this contract, we should pay attention to the following issues: First, the contract must specify the specific requirements and completion date of the renovation. Some consumers did not pay attention to these two points when signing a contract, which created conditions for some decoration companies to overhaul and delay the construction period.
Secondly, the specific brand, specification and model of the decorative materials used must be specified in the contract to prevent decoration companies from shoddy.
Third, the provisions of the contract concerning the warranty are indispensable, and it is necessary to distinguish the responsibilities. If it is a construction or material quality problem, the decoration company should take full responsibility; if it is improperly used by the user, both parties can negotiate and handle it. Generally, the warranty period of the decoration company for the project ranges from three months to one year. You should choose the company with a longer warranty period as much as possible.
4. How to communicate with the designer before the renovation? The design of the home improvement plan is of course to satisfy the owner, but if the owner ignores the importance of the design, there is no in-depth communication and exchange with the designer. Will be greatly reduced. Facts have proved that the more in-depth communication with the designer, the better the decoration effect, the more satisfied the owner, and vice versa, the regret will fill every corner of the room.
Therefore, as the owner, before the renovation, at least to communicate with the designer in the following aspects: 1, the investment budget decoration; 2, the family members of the hobby and occupation characteristics; 3, the decorative style, color and feeling of love; 4 5. The positioning of each room function; 5. Individual opinions on the selection of main decoration materials; 6. Arrangements and requirements for lighting systems, switches, sockets, and air-conditioning systems of the whole house; 7. Placement of handicrafts, decorative paintings, and so on.
If you can do homework before the renovation, to collect some of your favorite decoration style pictures will also help communicate with the designer.
5. Preparation of decoration materials According to the requirements of decoration and decoration design, the required materials, such as cement, sand, plaster, wood, aluminum alloy, angle steel, glass, ceramic tile, water supply and drainage pipe, sectional door, water spout, and electric brake , Wires, plastic pipes, paints, latex paints, adhesives, gypsum board lines, etc., should list the name, specifications, quantity list. The quantity should take into account reasonable losses.
The materials used must undergo market research to understand the origin, grade, specification, and unit price of the product, perform comprehensive analysis and comparison, and use quality as the primary indicator to ensure the overall quality of the project and reasonable cost arrangements.
Chinese classical furniture think twice and then buy the world's favor for the Oriental style, so that Chinese classical furniture is increasingly sought after by people. For ordinary consumers, how to choose better?
Chinese classical furniture has high value preservation and added value. How to buy classical furniture? Think twice.
One thought: Why buy If you want to buy a classic piece of furniture, you must first understand what your motivation for buying is. Why buy it? The concept of classical furniture currently consists of two major categories: first, old-style furniture belonging to the category of collection; and first, antique furniture belonging to the practical category. This determines the buyer's two purposes: preserve the collection and use appreciation.
When buying classic furniture, you at least ask yourself two questions: First, do you have enough funds? The second is that you have an experienced experience? Collection needs long-term use of funds, because the ancient furniture source is to sell a less one only ups and downs, Ming and Qing furniture not only price, but imitation Ming and Qing furniture is also all the way to market bullish, because of the scarcity of raw materials, The acquisition of old furniture is also very difficult, and the expensive value of classical furniture will also be a considerable amount of expenditure; the extensiveness and ingenuity of the antique industry has brought difficulties to its industry norm. The benefits and risks coexist, and sometimes experts are also unavoidable.
If you only admire the unique charm of classical furniture from an aesthetic point of view, then your choice is much simpler, because you don't have to bother to extrapolate its exact age and history, as long as you value appearance and reliable quality. Sufficient and durable enough.
Second thought: The age of classical furniture and the era of modeling can basically be determined from the materials. Ming-style furniture is dominated by yellow rosewood and rarely uses other wood. The Huanghuali wood furniture, in addition to tables and chairs, cabinets, there is no mosaic and carving, only a very small carving. Due to the lack of Huanghuali wood in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the use of rosewood processing and production. There are few rosewood furniture, but the wood is generally eight inches wide. The material of the wood is good, the carving is less, and mosaic is not done. According to experts, there are more than a dozen kinds of rosewood wood species, according to different materials, the price difference is relatively large, and now a cubic meter has a few thousand dollars, there are more than ten million, and the most expensive is Venus sandalwood, Because of its high density of pinholes, large specific gravity and hard material, it has become a superior material. In ancient times, there was one or two gold or two gold.
After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, chicken wings, rosewood, ironwood, rosewood, etc. were gradually used, while new furniture was mostly made of rosewood and rosewood. Suanzhimu furniture, large-scale more, more carving patterns, embedded jade and teeth, stone, wood, snail, cloisonne and so on. Rosewood furniture is also more sculptured, more inlaid, and modern products. Ming and early Qing Dynasty furniture styles, styles, often change. On the surface, it seems that skilled craftsmen do whatever they like, but it is not true that any style has a very strict norm. It is by no means arbitrary.
In the middle of the Qing dynasty, in order to cater to the tastes of the rulers, it is inevitable that they should be different and design furniture that violates the rules. The craftsmen of the Ming and Qing Dynasties put the style and structure into the best of furniture, using more decorative techniques to make their furniture more complete. Ming Ming designed a circle chair, a four-headed official hat chair, a rounded corner cabinet, and a large painting case. The Qing continuation of Ming furniture style, design their own unique furniture. Among them, mahogany, Fuzhou Ruyi Taishi Chair, Hyun Qin case, rosewood stool, nail embroidered pier and other furniture. As long as you see its shape characteristics, you can tell the age.
In addition, you can also determine the decoration techniques, from the selection of materials, threading, engraving, inlays and so on. Since ancient times, China has been cherishing the beautifully textured wood, and it has made use of hardwood furniture to make full use of its beautiful patterns. All artifacts such as natural writing are more colorful and durable than artificial carvings. In many furniture treasures, the best materials can be seen in the most prominent parts of the furniture. For example: face plate, door core board, drawer face and backrest board, etc., with decorative materials to obtain decorative effect. Engraving dominates decorative techniques because most patterns are made by engraving. Its techniques can be divided into: relief, openwork, relief and openwork combination, round sculpture and other four kinds.
The production areas of furniture in the Ming and early Qing periods spread all over the country. The most representative areas are Suzhou, Beijing, Guangzhou, Huizhou and Yangzhou. Suzhou is particularly important. At that time, a considerable part of the hardwoods in Beijing was shipped from the south. Afterwards, as the emperors liked it, they deliberately invented "Beijing to do" hardwood furniture. Since then, there have been two major schools in the north and south. The early appearance of the Qing Dynasty furniture was still in Ming style. However, some components or local craftsmanship appeared in the interest of the Qing Dynasty, and there were significant changes in the shape and decoration and Ming style. formula.
Classical furniture uses lacquer and hot wax. Wax with beeswax containing 95% of wax is suitable, and then rubbed and polished to make the furniture surface bright and clean, with smooth corners. The carving process is sophisticated and creative, and the stone has abstract style, elegant lines, adequate drying, and no fear of cracking. The modern imitation furniture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was replaced with paint, the interface saw marks, mass production, new stone materials, complicated lines, easy to crack and deform, and glued with nails and glue. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ancient furniture was very heavy, exceeding the weight sense one could afford, while the new furniture was lighter.
Think twice: The gradual popularity of classical furniture at the purchase site has made a group of well-reputed and well-funded manufacturers stand out. Because of their high reputation and good reputation, these companies have good quality whether they are buying classical furniture or antique furniture. For example, Beijing's Longshuncheng Furniture Factory and Golden Lacquer Inlay Factory all operate and sell classical furniture, and also produce antique furniture. Huayi Classical Furniture Co., Ltd. and Guanghan Tang Classical Furniture Co., Ltd. all build file cards for users and provide future maintenance services. In addition to more reliable manufacturers, the major and old furniture markets are also places of choice for furniture. Zhaojia Chaowai Market in Panjiayuan is one of the larger scale markets for classical furniture, and is generally dominated by eucalyptus and ramulus. For late Qing production, there are also a large number of imitations. In addition, the old antique furniture market, more than 2,000 square meters, antique furniture and antique furniture. In the Panjiayuan Flea Market there are also several stores that deal with antique furniture and antique furniture. In addition, visiting the Liulichang can also see some shops that deal with old furniture.
The selection of ceramic tiles The classification of ceramic tile is divided into floor tiles, wall tiles and waistline tiles according to functions.
1. Floor tiles: According to suits, they are divided into imitation Spanish tiles, vitrified polished tiles, glazed tiles, non-slip tiles and osmotic polished tiles.
2, wall: According to the color can be divided into vitrified wall tiles, printed wall tiles.
3, waist line brick: mostly for printing bricks. In order to match the specifications of the wall tiles, the waistline bricks are generally set at 60mm x 200mm.
Divided by the process of ceramic tiles: glazed tiles, tiles, polished tiles, vitrified tiles, ceramic tiles.
1, glazed tiles: refers to the brick surface burned glazed brick. This kind of brick is divided into two types: one is burning with clay, and the other is made with porcelain clay. About 80% of the home decoration buyers choose this brick as the floor decoration material.
2, whole body brick: This is a non-glazed porcelain tile, has a good slip resistance and wear resistance. Generally speaking, "non-slip floor tiles" are mostly full-body bricks. Due to the moderate price of this brick, it is popular with consumers.
3, polished tiles: After the polished bricks have become polished tiles, this brick is very hard, very wear-resistant.
4. Vitrified tiles: This is a high-temperature fired porcelain tile, which is the hardest of all tiles. Sometimes the tiles are still scratched when the tiles are scratched.
5, ceramic tiles: also known as mosaic, specifications, thin, small, hard texture, acid, alkali, wear-resistant, watertight, resistant to pressure, not broken, colorful, widely used.
Second, the selection of tiles in the selection of tiles in the floor, according to personal preferences and functional requirements of the room, according to the site layout, from the floor tile specifications, color, texture and other aspects of screening.
Good quality tiles are uniform in size, uniform in thickness, flat and smooth on the surface of tiles, no bubbles, no stains, no pockmarks, bright colors, even gloss, no corner defects, 90 degree right angles, no distortion, clear pattern design, and resistance Pressure performance is good, not easy to damage.
At the time of purchase, you should decide the type, color or pattern of the brick according to your financial situation and preferences, and determine the size according to the size of the room.
First, remove one piece from the packing box to see whether the surface is flat and in good condition. The glaze should be uniform, bright, spotless, lack of glaze, bumping, and the surrounding edges should be regular. Glazing is not bright, astringent, or air bubbles are quality problems.
Secondly, take out a piece of brick and align the two pieces. The smaller the middle gap, the better. If it is a pattern tile, four pieces must be used to piece together a complete pattern, and whether the pattern of the brick should be connected and clear should be considered. Then take out a box of bricks and place them on a large flat surface. Look at the effect from a little distance away. Whether it is white or other colors or patterns, the color should be the same. If there are individual bricks, shallow points, it will be difficult to see. , affect the entire decorative effect.
Then put these bricks up one by one. Compare the size of the bricks. The deviation of small bricks is allowed to be plus or minus 1 mm. The large bricks are allowed to be plus or minus 2 mm.
The final step is to take a piece of brick to knock another piece, or use other hard objects to knock on the brick. If the sound of the brick is crisp and loud, it indicates that the quality of the brick is good and cooked; if the sound is abnormal, it indicates that the brick has heavy skin or cracks. Phenomenon: when the heavy skin is the brick, the air in the material is not discharged, resulting in poor bonding between materials and materials, internal cracking, and not visible on the surface. Only listening to sound can be identified.
The carpet of the carpet has the characteristics of heat preservation, heat insulation, sound absorption, softness, comfort and nobleness and is one of the main materials in the floor decoration.
First, the classification of carpet (a) classified by material
1, pure wool carpet. The main raw material is coarse sheep wool.
2, blended carpets. Wool and synthetic fibers, such as nylon, nylon and other mixed woven.
3, chemical fiber carpets. There are many types of nylon, nylon, acrylic, polypropylene, polyester carpets and so on.
4, plastic carpets. The main raw material is polyvinyl chloride resin, additive agent and other additives.
(B) Classification by knitting process
1. Hand-knitted carpet: It is made by manual weaving, with fine workmanship and colorful patterns. Used for pure wool carpets.
2. Non-woven carpets: The non-woven fabric manufacturing technology is adopted, ie the raw materials are directly made into fabrics by the weaving method without the traditional spinning process. Therefore, non-woven carpets are short-haired carpets that are not warp and weft, such as needle-punched carpets, bonded carpets, and the like. This carpet adheres fluff to rubber or linen substrates. The process is simple and the construction cost is low, but the carpet is thin and the foot feel is poor, and the durability and elasticity are also poorly rented.
3, tufted carpet: woven with tufting weaving method, divided into velveteen carpet and loop pile carpet. The loop pile carpet does not cut the pile loops in the weave. The surface is lapped and the velvet height is 5 to 10 mm. The cut velvet handles the velveteen carpet, and the nap height is usually 7-10mm.
(c) Classification of carpet carpets, he-shaped carpets, oval carpets, etc. according to carpet patterns.
(d) Classification by carpet grade
1, mild household level. Used for infrequently used rooms.
2, moderate home or mild professional use level. It is commonly used in bedrooms and restaurants.
3, general home or moderate professional use level. Used in the living room, living room, etc.
4, heavy home or general professional use level. For places where the family wears heavily.
5, heavy professional use level. Used in public places.
Second, the raw material characteristics of the carpet
1. Wool: Good elasticity, not easy to pollute, deform, wear, good heat insulation, corrosion, insects, and high price.
2. Nylon: good abrasion resistance, easy to clean, no corrosion, no insects, no mildew, but easy to deform, easy to generate static electricity, and will be partially dissolved in case of fire.
3, polyester: wear resistance is second only to nylon, heat, light, no mildew, no insects. Difficult to dye.
4. Polypropylene: light weight, good elasticity, high strength, rich raw materials, and low production costs.
5, acrylic: soft, warm, good elasticity, in the low elongation range of the elastic recovery force close to the wool, lighter than the wool, no mildew, no corrosion is not insects, the disadvantage is poor wear resistance.
Third, the quality of carpet identification
1. Braid density: The quality of the carpet is differentiated from the density of the carpet surface fiber. The standard is the number of warp threads per 0.3048 square meters of carpet (commonly known as the number of tracks). The higher the number of tracks, the better the quality. The average household carpet is 90~150, and the carpet used in high-grade decoration should be 200 or even 400.
2. Abrasion Resistance: The number of times the carpet needs to be exposed to the backing under constant pressure. The abrasion resistance of carpets is related to the variety of raw materials, and it is also related to the thickness of carpet weaving. The thicker it is, the more wearable it is.
3. Resilience: The thickness loss rate of the carpet under dynamic load is expressed as the pressure after the floor carpet is pressurized for a certain period of time. The thickness difference between the carpet and the unpressurized floor is measured. The better the ability, the smaller the difference in thickness and the better the resilience. After testing, resilience is this: Bucket, eye-lun, nylon, polypropylene. Of course, due to the different origins and different levels of technology, especially the many reformed products that appear, this ranking will also change.
4. Electrostaticity: The charging and discharging conditions of carpets measured with carpet surface resistance and static voltage are generally related to the conductivity of the fibers themselves. The chemical fiber carpets currently produced have been treated and will not affect their use.
5. Flammability: Flame resistance is an important indicator of decorative materials. For chemical fiber carpets, where the burning time is within 12 minutes and the burning area diameter is within 17.96 cm, the flame resistance is acceptable. In comparison, polypropylene carpets have poor resistance to burning, and the other carpets have little correlation with the flame resistance index. Of course, in addition to its resistance to burning, we must also pay attention to the problems caused by the burning of chemical fiber carpets and the burning of dragons and tigers.
Fourth, the choice of carpet
1, pure wool carpet: According to the different ways of weaving, wool carpet is divided into hand-woven, woven, non-woven and other varieties. Wool carpets are loved by people for their warmth, sound absorption, softness, comfort, flexibility, and grandeur. However, due to the high price, easy to infest, easy to mold and affect the use of the surface, the family generally use a small piece of wool carpet laying.
2, chemical fiber carpet: a sound-absorbing, thermal insulation, wear resistance, resistance to insects and other advantages but poor flexibility, the feet are hard, easy to vacuum, dust. The price is low and easy to accept. Due to obvious weaknesses. It is gradually replacing other ground materials.
3, blended carpets: willing to have sound absorption, insulation, wear resistant insects and other advantages, flexibility, foot feel better than synthetic fiber carpets, affordable, for some families choose to use.
4. When purchasing carpets, you should ask the dealer for a product quality inspection report, and compare the performance indexes of different materials and carpets with different prices.
The purchase of doors and windows, the structure and classification of doors and windows
1, according to the classification of open doors and windows (1) Swing doors and windows: doors and windows open inward or outward.
(2) Sliding doors and windows: Doors, windows, doors, and doors are horizontally moved.
(3) Folding door: The door leaf can be folded together when opened.
(4) Revolving doors and windows: The doors, windows and doors are opened and closed in rotation. The switch window includes a top hung window, a bottom hung window, a middle hung window, an upright window, and the like.
(5) Spring Doors: Doors with spring hinges that automatically close after opening.
(6) Other doors: including rolling shutters, lifting doors, upturning doors, etc.
2, according to the door and window materials can be divided into: wooden doors and windows, plastic doors and windows, aluminum doors and windows, steel doors and windows, glass doors and windows, reinforced concrete.
3, according to the functions of doors and windows are divided into: Louvre doors and windows, insulation doors, fire doors and other doors.
4, according to the position of doors and windows: the door is divided into outer and inner doors. The windows are divided into side windows (inside and outside walls) and skylights.
(b) Structure of the door leaf
1. Panel door: The door leaf is composed of skeleton and door core board. The defender's core board can be wood board, plywood, hardboard, plastic board, glass, etc. When the door panel is glass, it is a glass door. When the core is a yarn or a louver, it is a screen door or a louver door. It is also possible to partially use glass, yarn or louvers, such as upper glass, lower louver combinations, etc. as required.
2, plywood door: the middle of the light frame, both sides of plywood, fiberboard and other thin plate door. It is generally an interior door.
3, puzzle door: the door made of wood panels. Strong and durable, mostly for the door.
Second, steel doors and windows to buy plastic steel doors and windows is a new generation of doors and windows materials, because of its high wind pressure strength, airtight watertight, air, rain, small amount of penetration, low heat transfer coefficient, thermal insulation, sound insulation, not easy Aging and other advantages are rapidly replacing steel windows and aluminum alloy windows.
1, the structure of steel doors and windows. Plastic steel doors and windows are mainly made of hard PVC (PVC) plastic profiles, plus off-duty hardware. The profile is a porous cavity, and the main cavity has inner lining steel made of cold-rolled steel plates to increase the strength of the steel doors and windows. Profile wall thickness should be 2.5 mm or more.
2, the manufacture of plastic doors and windows. Plastic-steel doors and windows are generally manufactured at the factory using special steel cutting and welding equipment. They are semi-automated and automated. The quality can be guaranteed.
3, buy plastic doors and windows notice.
(1) Do not buy cheap steel doors and windows. Good plastic doors and windows have higher plastic quality, inner lining steel quality and hardware quality, and their service life can reach more than ten years. The use of low-cost steel doors and windows profiles, calcium carbonate content of more than 50%, additives containing lead salts, poor stability, and affect human health. The inner lining steel is a hot bar plate, the thickness is not enough, some even do not have inner lining steel, glass, hardware also have bad products. The service life is only two or three years.
(2) Pay attention to surface quality. The color of plastic profiles on the surface of doors and windows is blue-white or ivory white, clean, smooth and smooth. There are no scratches or bumps on the large surface, and there is no welding or fracture at the welding joint. The surface of the good quality steel doors and windows should have a protective film, and the user should tear off the protective film before use.
(3) Pay attention to glass and hardware. The glass should be smooth and dry. The glass and plastic profiles are not in direct contact and there is a sealing bead that closes the gap. The hardware is complete, the position is correct, the installation is firm, and the use is flexible.
Third, what are the characteristics of aluminum alloy doors and windows (1) light, high-strength: aluminum alloy material is mostly hollow core thin-walled composite section, easy to use, reduce weight, and the section has a high bending strength, made of durable doors and windows, Small deformation.
(2) Good sealing performance: The aluminum alloy itself is easy to be extruded, and the cross-sectional profile of the profile is precise and the processing accuracy is high. Optional waterproof material, elasticity, and durability are all better sealing materials, such as rubber beads and silicone sealants. In terms of profiles, all kinds of sealing strip fixing grooves have been completed together with the same section in the extrusion molding process, which has created favorable conditions for installing sealing materials.
(3) Beautiful appearance: After the surface of the aluminum alloy is anodized, it can show the color of the ancient lead liver, copper, golden, silver and other colors. The sash has a large frame and can be fitted with a large area of ​​glass so that the interior is bright and bright, which enhances the contrast between the interior and exterior facades and makes the room more rich.
(4) Strong corrosion resistance: The aluminum alloy oxide layer does not fade or fall off, and does not require painting. It is easy to maintain without maintenance.
Fourth, how to modify, use solid wood doors Solid wood doors are part of the luxury luxury doors and windows decoration, you can use red spring wood, Thai teak or rosewood to do. Commodity solid wood door specifications are 80 cm × 190 cm, 80 cm × 200 cm, 90 cm × 200 cm several. The price of each door ranges from 1,500 to 3,000 yuan, and high-quality teak doors are as high as 3,000 to 4,000 yuan.
Innovative products, as well as steel doors. Framed with steel, the skin is inlaid with plastic and the appearance is rather hardwood varnish. Can be made into double doors, and attached to the door frame, each about 500 to 800 yuan, can also be customized according to the actual measurement of the door size specifications. Plastic steel door has the characteristics of heat preservation, heat insulation, noise elimination, sound absorption, flame retardant, economical and practical, and the appearance is gorgeous.
Fifth, how to choose the most popular wooden doors when the number of Glulam wooden doors. It is an international advanced wood processing technology that uses high-quality wood after being divided and recombined. It destroys the original cell structure of wood and forms a new structure, making it a new type of wood that is not easy to warp, deform, and crack to adapt to temperature difference. Change with humidity. Such wood is particularly popular in some developed countries such as the United States and Japan.
If the spliced ​​veneer of a rare species of tree is affixed to the surface of glulam, such as European beech, American red oak, etc., the ordinary ordinary wooden door is transformed into a noble, elegant, luxurious and advanced craft wood door, making your living room Brilliant.
Six, the right to buy the security door The key to buy the security door is strong, there are three points for reference:
1, the material should be thick. The thickness of the pipe is generally not less than 1.2 mm, the surface finish of the steel management body is high, there is no rough blistering, and the thick steel pipes are sounded with good sound quality and feel steady.
2, the structure should be reasonable. The anti-theft door with the door frame is more secure and easy to install in the summer. The distance between the gate fence steel pipe is not more than 6 cm (the best hand does not come in).
3, the lock should be selected to lock the third tongue lock multi-security anti-theft lock, indoor and outdoor can be open or locked, and install the door on the door to protect the iron plate, so that the keyless person is difficult to shake.
The purchase of the plate First, the purchase of plywood Plywood by the multi-storey veneer criss-cross plated plate. The outermost front panel is called the panel, and the opposite is called the backplane. The inner plate is called a core plate. In order to eliminate the anisotropy of wood and increase the strength, it is necessary to observe the following when manufacturing plywood: First, the principle of symmetry, the thickness of the veneer in the symmetrical layer, the species of tree, the moisture content, the grain direction, and the manufacturing method are all the same so that various internal stresses can be achieved. balance. The second is the principle of odd numbers. There are three plywood, five plywood and seven, nine, eleven plywood and so on.
Plywood classification:
One type of plywood is a weather resistant, boiling water resistant plywood, and thus has the advantages of durability, high temperature resistance, and steam handling.
The second type plywood is a water-resistant plywood that can be impregnated in cold water and impregnated with hot water for a short time.
The three types of plywood are moisture-resistant plywood, which can be impregnated in cold water for a short time and is suitable for use at room temperature. Used for furniture and general construction purposes.
The four types of plywood are non-moisture-resistant plywood, which are used under indoor normal conditions. The general-purpose plywood materials include beech, eucalyptus, ash, birch, eucalyptus, and poplar.
Plywood purchase notes:
Pick wood grain. When purchasing multiple pieces of plywood, plywood with a wood grain and similar color should be selected.
There must be no dead festival or patches on the front;
The number of horny joints (live joints) is less than 5 and the area is less than 15 mm2;
No obvious discoloration and chromatic aberration; no dense hairline cracking phenomenon and cracks exceeding 200mm × 0.5mm;
Less than 5 holes less than 2 mm in diameter;
Resin vesicles with a length of 15 mm and less than 4 black squashes per square metre; Resin drips with a length of l50 mm and a width of 10 mm are less than 4 per square metre;
No deterioration and deterioration.
Second, the purchase of fiberboard fiberboard is the use of wood or vegetable fiber as the main raw material, the mechanical separation into a single fiber, add additives made of slabs, by hot pressing or adhesive composition into wood-based panels. The thickness is mainly 3, 4 and 5 mm. Since the fiberboard has been treated with water repellent, its hygroscopicity is smaller than that of wood, and its shape stability and antibacterial property are all better.
Fiberboard classification:
1, according to the raw material classification: wood fiberboard, non-wood fiberboard.
2, according to the processing method: special hard fiberboard, ordinary hard fiberboard.
3, by volume weight classification: hard fiberboard (also known as high-density fiberboard), semi-hard fiberboard (also known as medium-density fiberboard), soft fiberboard (also known as low-density fiberboard).
Fibreboard purchase considerations:
Uniform thickness, flat surface, smooth, no stains, water stains, adhesive tracks. The surface of the board is fine, strong, and free from burrs.
Low moisture content, low moisture absorption.
Can hit the board surface by hand, sound crisp and sweet, uniform fiber board quality is better. If the sound is boring, you may have problems with loose glue.
Third, blockboard (Daixinban) The purchase of blockboard is the use of different lengths of small wooden strips to spell the core board, both sides of the adhesive layer or layer of plywood or other veneer, and then made by pressing. The core board is commonly used for pine, cassia, eucalyptus, eucalyptus and other wood.
Blockboard purchase notes:
1, Blockboard is divided into one, two, three and so on. Directly decorated panels, should use a first board, only as a floor with the third-class board available.
2. Select a plate with a smooth surface, a small section, and a small number of skins.
3. Check the quality and density of the veneer of the core board from the side or after sawing.
4. One side of the big core board must be a whole board, and only one patch is allowed on the other side. In addition, the surface of the large core board must be dry and clean.
5, choose blockboard must choose the machine puzzle, do not use hand-board.
6. Observe whether there is any glue or putty in the surrounding area.
7. Sharply tap the surface with a sharp-nosed device and listen to whether the sound is different. If there is a change in the sound, there will be hollow inside.
8. When purchasing in bulk, check the quality inspection documents and quality inspection certificates.
For more decoration information, please visit:
Xi'an Decoration Class Main Station: http://
Xi'an Decoration Classroom Video Station: http://
Xi'an Decoration Classroom Interactive Community: http://029zx.topzj.com
Choosing the color of furniture should mainly be considered from several aspects such as the hue, brightness and kitchen furniture environment of the furniture color, the family population of the use object, the member structure, and the cultural quality. The hue and lightness of the furniture color can be used to appetite and emotions of the object. Therefore, the furniture color must be carefully selected.
Orange is considered a very bold color, but also a sign of vitality, is a lively, exciting color. In terms of use and color, it is a fancy color; gray is a mixture of black and white, the use of gray tone depends on whether it is white or black. Gray does not have its own characteristics, and it is easy to integrate with the surrounding environment; purple is an over-color, which contains two opposite sides, because it is a mixture of active red and passive blue. Purple expresses the inner calmness and imbalance, which is both mysterious and charming; the blue sign is calm and introverted.
The effect of red can be dynamic, which is why red is the reason to make a room more vibrant. The colors that are paired with the reds are easily overshadowed, but the combination of black and white is particularly radiant; brown is the original color of wood and land, it makes people feel safe, friendly, and can achieve a comfortable and gentle effect. In the room with brown furniture, it is easier for people to feel the true feeling of home. Brown is also the ideal color of the floor, because brown makes people feel smooth;
Light blue is friendly, expanding, easy to create atmosphere. Dark blue is firm and tight; yellow has a radiant effect and is most often used on smooth surfaces. Yellow floors should be avoided because it is a very unstable color; green is a quiet color and is especially suitable for bedrooms; Quiet, pale blue-green is cold, but fresh.
Pre-renovation preparations Home improvement principles: application, beautification, economy;
Home decoration preparation:
1. Preliminary Preparation: First of all, you should carefully understand your own house structure, measure the actual area and draw a detailed structure diagram. The main purpose is to understand the specific layout (including reasonable changes to the original structure) and the total cost of renovation (including the price of materials and labor costs) can have a general idea of ​​how to decorate their own houses.
2. Funds Preparation: In general, the total cost of decorating should be 10% to 20% of the housing price.
3. Material budget and cost allocation: At present, people are pursuing comfort-oriented, and the distribution ratio of material costs is reasonable: toilet and kitchen occupy 45%, hall 35%, and bedroom 20%.
4. Construction schedule: Take the two rooms and one hall as an example. Under normal circumstances, the construction period is about 30 days. If you count some other factors, such as changing the design plan, you can also up to 40 days.
5, professional knowledge preparation: In the home decoration, to make a certain savings of professional knowledge.
6, market research and research:
(l) Survey of basic prices:
Home decoration is an economic activity, and price is an important factor. In the aspect of design and construction price, we also need a preliminary understanding of the family in order to be aware of what to do and to be able to cope with it when the decoration is in operation.
(2) Survey of market conditions:
A thorough understanding of the home improvement market. , Should go to a professional institution, unit or organization to understand, such as decoration associations, decoration service centers and so on.
(3) Choice of home decoration operation methods:
1 Looking directly at the decoration team: This method has certain risks, mainly because it does not understand the construction unit.
2 Find a decoration team in the home decoration market: It is a way to save energy.
3 Through the intermediary to determine the construction team: There are two situations for the intermediary, one is introduced by friends and relatives, this method is limited by the breadth and depth of the intermediary's exposure to the industry. The other kind is introduced through a professional service organization. The team introduced by it should be safe and reliable.
4 Determine the construction team through the network: This is a brand-new way to save money and time.
7. Ways to save money:
(1) Careful planning and perfect design are the first ways to save money.
(2) Use the "finishing touch" method. The key decoration places can use high-grade materials and fine workmanship; other parts of the decoration take a simple, crisp approach, materials Mandarin, simplistic workmanship.
(3) Relying on decoration companies is a quick way to save money. The decoration company has fixed outlets on the material selection, and the materials have better prices; they have experience in construction and fine workmanship; there are matching services and quality assurance. Therefore, it is best not to ask the workers directly for construction and save money on the surface. Actually, you may cause greater economic losses because of your wrong choices.
(4) Follow the rules and close a good budget decision. In the course of construction, it is unavoidable to change and modify, and the process record should be prepared with reference to the original project list so that the increase and decrease items can be cleaned up in the final accounts.
Home improvement five steps:
Formulate programs, choose grades: high-end, mid-range, low-grade;
Planning and design, rational arrangement: provide a list of items to be placed;
Understand the market, master the price: a general understanding of the material price;
Sign the contract, mutual restraint: avoid complaints;
Contrast with contract, acceptance project: Find problems and solve them in time.
How to settle home decoration:
In general, the method of decoration needs to be calculated as follows:
1. Design account: Design fee accounts for 5%-20% of the entire renovation fee.
2, material account: The current decoration materials are already product streamlining, decoration has become a model, in fact, it is a combination. Therefore, running three building materials markets, you can find the end price.
3, inquiry: In fact, the inquiry is bargaining, its purpose is to explore the reserve price of the material.
4. Budget: On the basis of designing and asking for price, together with the decorator, budget out the cost of the entire renovation.
5, time account: After all, renovation is a big expense, therefore, before the decoration must allow enough time to design, materials, inquiry and budget to do, the more fully prepared in advance, the faster the speed of renovation.
6. Equity account: In accordance with the above-mentioned progress, a contractor who has the decoration qualification and ability to complete the contract, the contract shall include the materials used, the designated brand, and the mutually agreed prices.
Renovation should pay attention to what new homes are ready to deliver. It's time to plan out the renovation plans. The following five steps are indispensable, you may wish to compare:
1. Recognize the qualifications of the decoration company. Choosing a decoration company must first examine whether it has the qualifications for performing decoration works. In addition to checking business licenses, whether or not the company has a formal office and whether it can issue qualified tickets is a matter of careful inspection.
Second, the quality of decoration depends largely on the quality of the construction team. So before the renovation, you have to look at the construction team used by the decoration company. It is best to take a look at the construction site to see if the craftsmanship is fine. At the same time, whether the construction team has strength can be seen from the tools they use. At present, the degree of electrification of the decoration works is very high. Generally, the construction teams that have strength generally use electric steam pumps, nail guns and other tools in order to improve the quality and efficiency.
In addition, you can examine the work done by this decoration company to evaluate its design and construction level. The level and qualifications of interior designers are directly related to the level of design, so it is best to ask the designer of this company in detail. If you are a friend, you can also find out about the company through acquaintances. But sometimes friends and family are not experts in this area, and it is inevitable that they will be misleading, so we still have to believe in our own judgment.
Since many companies that currently engage in home improvement services are small companies that do not have a national qualification level for decoration, they must be carefully examined to avoid losses.
2. After a preliminary contact with the decoration company has chosen the decoration company, it is necessary to contact them initially. Of course, the first is the requirement and the price.
At present, there are two ways for decoration company to quote: First, how much money is reported by the customer, and the design and quotation are started by the decoration company in combination with the requirements; second, the customer requests the decoration of the house, and the decoration company reports the realization of these requirements. How much will it cost?
Many consumers are willing to use the second way of negotiation. The purpose is to prevent decoration companies from exploring the bottom. Consumers want decoration companies to offer first, and they have room for comparison and counter-offer. But in fact, this practice is not necessary. The profit rate of all formal decoration companies is almost the same, the difference is that the design strength and after-sales service are good or bad. So when you come into contact with a decoration company, you'd better direct yourself to how much money you're going to spend and what you want to achieve. All of them will tell the decoration company to see if they accept it. If the decoration company agrees to undertake your home improvement project, it can enter the specific design, quotation and negotiation stage.
3. Put an end to the loopholes in the decoration contract. After the approval of the quotation, the formal decoration company will sign a construction contract or agreement with you. In this contract, we should pay attention to the following issues: First, the contract must specify the specific requirements and completion date of the renovation. Some consumers did not pay attention to these two points when signing a contract, which created conditions for some decoration companies to overhaul and delay the construction period.
Secondly, the specific brand, specification and model of the decorative materials used must be specified in the contract to prevent decoration companies from shoddy.
Third, the provisions of the contract concerning the warranty are indispensable, and it is necessary to distinguish the responsibilities. If it is a construction or material quality problem, the decoration company should take full responsibility; if it is improperly used by the user, both parties can negotiate and handle it. Generally, the warranty period of the decoration company for the project ranges from three months to one year. You should choose the company with a longer warranty period as much as possible.
4. How to communicate with the designer before the renovation? The design of the home improvement plan is of course to satisfy the owner, but if the owner ignores the importance of the design, there is no in-depth communication and exchange with the designer. Will be greatly reduced. Facts have proved that the more in-depth communication with the designer, the better the decoration effect, the more satisfied the owner, and vice versa, the regret will fill every corner of the room.
Therefore, as the owner, before the renovation, at least to communicate with the designer in the following aspects: 1, the investment budget decoration; 2, the family members of the hobby and occupation characteristics; 3, the decorative style, color and feeling of love; 4 5. The positioning of each room function; 5. Individual opinions on the selection of main decoration materials; 6. Arrangements and requirements for lighting systems, switches, sockets, and air-conditioning systems of the whole house; 7. Placement of handicrafts, decorative paintings, and so on.
If you can do homework before the renovation, to collect some of your favorite decoration style pictures will also help communicate with the designer.
5. Preparation of decoration materials According to the requirements of decoration and decoration design, the required materials, such as cement, sand, plaster, wood, aluminum alloy, angle steel, glass, ceramic tile, water supply and drainage pipe, sectional door, water spout, and electric brake , Wires, plastic pipes, paints, latex paints, adhesives, gypsum board lines, etc., should list the name, specifications, quantity list. The quantity should take into account reasonable losses.
The materials used must undergo market research to understand the origin, grade, specification, and unit price of the product, perform comprehensive analysis and comparison, and use quality as the primary indicator to ensure the overall quality of the project and reasonable cost arrangements.
Chinese classical furniture think twice and then buy the world's favor for the Oriental style, so that Chinese classical furniture is increasingly sought after by people. For ordinary consumers, how to choose better?
Chinese classical furniture has high value preservation and added value. How to buy classical furniture? Think twice.
One thought: Why buy If you want to buy a classic piece of furniture, you must first understand what your motivation for buying is. Why buy it? The concept of classical furniture currently consists of two major categories: first, old-style furniture belonging to the category of collection; and first, antique furniture belonging to the practical category. This determines the buyer's two purposes: preserve the collection and use appreciation.
When buying classic furniture, you at least ask yourself two questions: First, do you have enough funds? The second is that you have an experienced experience? Collection needs long-term use of funds, because the ancient furniture source is to sell a less one only ups and downs, Ming and Qing furniture not only price, but imitation Ming and Qing furniture is also all the way to market bullish, because of the scarcity of raw materials, The acquisition of old furniture is also very difficult, and the expensive value of classical furniture will also be a considerable amount of expenditure; the extensiveness and ingenuity of the antique industry has brought difficulties to its industry norm. The benefits and risks coexist, and sometimes experts are also unavoidable.
If you only admire the unique charm of classical furniture from an aesthetic point of view, then your choice is much simpler, because you don't have to bother to extrapolate its exact age and history, as long as you value appearance and reliable quality. Sufficient and durable enough.
Second thought: The age of classical furniture and the era of modeling can basically be determined from the materials. Ming-style furniture is dominated by yellow rosewood and rarely uses other wood. The Huanghuali wood furniture, in addition to tables and chairs, cabinets, there is no mosaic and carving, only a very small carving. Due to the lack of Huanghuali wood in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the use of rosewood processing and production. There are few rosewood furniture, but the wood is generally eight inches wide. The material of the wood is good, the carving is less, and mosaic is not done. According to experts, there are more than a dozen kinds of rosewood wood species, according to different materials, the price difference is relatively large, and now a cubic meter has a few thousand dollars, there are more than ten million, and the most expensive is Venus sandalwood, Because of its high density of pinholes, large specific gravity and hard material, it has become a superior material. In ancient times, there was one or two gold or two gold.
After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, chicken wings, rosewood, ironwood, rosewood, etc. were gradually used, while new furniture was mostly made of rosewood and rosewood. Suanzhimu furniture, large-scale more, more carving patterns, embedded jade and teeth, stone, wood, snail, cloisonne and so on. Rosewood furniture is also more sculptured, more inlaid, and modern products. Ming and early Qing Dynasty furniture styles, styles, often change. On the surface, it seems that skilled craftsmen do whatever they like, but it is not true that any style has a very strict norm. It is by no means arbitrary.
In the middle of the Qing dynasty, in order to cater to the tastes of the rulers, it is inevitable that they should be different and design furniture that violates the rules. The craftsmen of the Ming and Qing Dynasties put the style and structure into the best of furniture, using more decorative techniques to make their furniture more complete. Ming Ming designed a circle chair, a four-headed official hat chair, a rounded corner cabinet, and a large painting case. The Qing continuation of Ming furniture style, design their own unique furniture. Among them, mahogany, Fuzhou Ruyi Taishi Chair, Hyun Qin case, rosewood stool, nail embroidered pier and other furniture. As long as you see its shape characteristics, you can tell the age.
In addition, you can also determine the decoration techniques, from the selection of materials, threading, engraving, inlays and so on. Since ancient times, China has been cherishing the beautifully textured wood, and it has made use of hardwood furniture to make full use of its beautiful patterns. All artifacts such as natural writing are more colorful and durable than artificial carvings. In many furniture treasures, the best materials can be seen in the most prominent parts of the furniture. For example: face plate, door core board, drawer face and backrest board, etc., with decorative materials to obtain decorative effect. Engraving dominates decorative techniques because most patterns are made by engraving. Its techniques can be divided into: relief, openwork, relief and openwork combination, round sculpture and other four kinds.
The production areas of furniture in the Ming and early Qing periods spread all over the country. The most representative areas are Suzhou, Beijing, Guangzhou, Huizhou and Yangzhou. Suzhou is particularly important. At that time, a considerable part of the hardwoods in Beijing was shipped from the south. Afterwards, as the emperors liked it, they deliberately invented "Beijing to do" hardwood furniture. Since then, there have been two major schools in the north and south. The early appearance of the Qing Dynasty furniture was still in Ming style. However, some components or local craftsmanship appeared in the interest of the Qing Dynasty, and there were significant changes in the shape and decoration and Ming style. formula.
Classical furniture uses lacquer and hot wax. Wax with beeswax containing 95% of wax is suitable, and then rubbed and polished to make the furniture surface bright and clean, with smooth corners. The carving process is sophisticated and creative, and the stone has abstract style, elegant lines, adequate drying, and no fear of cracking. The modern imitation furniture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was replaced with paint, the interface saw marks, mass production, new stone materials, complicated lines, easy to crack and deform, and glued with nails and glue. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ancient furniture was very heavy, exceeding the weight sense one could afford, while the new furniture was lighter.
Think twice: The gradual popularity of classical furniture at the purchase site has made a group of well-reputed and well-funded manufacturers stand out. Because of their high reputation and good reputation, these companies have good quality whether they are buying classical furniture or antique furniture. For example, Beijing's Longshuncheng Furniture Factory and Golden Lacquer Inlay Factory all operate and sell classical furniture, and also produce antique furniture. Huayi Classical Furniture Co., Ltd. and Guanghan Tang Classical Furniture Co., Ltd. all build file cards for users and provide future maintenance services. In addition to more reliable manufacturers, the major and old furniture markets are also places of choice for furniture. Zhaojia Chaowai Market in Panjiayuan is one of the larger scale markets for classical furniture, and is generally dominated by eucalyptus and ramulus. For late Qing production, there are also a large number of imitations. In addition, the old antique furniture market, more than 2,000 square meters, antique furniture and antique furniture. In the Panjiayuan Flea Market there are also several stores that deal with antique furniture and antique furniture. In addition, visiting the Liulichang can also see some shops that deal with old furniture.
The selection of ceramic tiles The classification of ceramic tile is divided into floor tiles, wall tiles and waistline tiles according to functions.
1. Floor tiles: According to suits, they are divided into imitation Spanish tiles, vitrified polished tiles, glazed tiles, non-slip tiles and osmotic polished tiles.
2, wall: According to the color can be divided into vitrified wall tiles, printed wall tiles.
3, waist line brick: mostly for printing bricks. In order to match the specifications of the wall tiles, the waistline bricks are generally set at 60mm x 200mm.
Divided by the process of ceramic tiles: glazed tiles, tiles, polished tiles, vitrified tiles, ceramic tiles.
1, glazed tiles: refers to the brick surface burned glazed brick. This kind of brick is divided into two types: one is burning with clay, and the other is made with porcelain clay. About 80% of the home decoration buyers choose this brick as the floor decoration material.
2, whole body brick: This is a non-glazed porcelain tile, has a good slip resistance and wear resistance. Generally speaking, "non-slip floor tiles" are mostly full-body bricks. Due to the moderate price of this brick, it is popular with consumers.
3, polished tiles: After the polished bricks have become polished tiles, this brick is very hard, very wear-resistant.
4. Vitrified tiles: This is a high-temperature fired porcelain tile, which is the hardest of all tiles. Sometimes the tiles are still scratched when the tiles are scratched.
5, ceramic tiles: also known as mosaic, specifications, thin, small, hard texture, acid, alkali, wear-resistant, watertight, resistant to pressure, not broken, colorful, widely used.
Second, the selection of tiles in the selection of tiles in the floor, according to personal preferences and functional requirements of the room, according to the site layout, from the floor tile specifications, color, texture and other aspects of screening.
Good quality tiles are uniform in size, uniform in thickness, flat and smooth on the surface of tiles, no bubbles, no stains, no pockmarks, bright colors, even gloss, no corner defects, 90 degree right angles, no distortion, clear pattern design, and resistance Pressure performance is good, not easy to damage.
At the time of purchase, you should decide the type, color or pattern of the brick according to your financial situation and preferences, and determine the size according to the size of the room.
First, remove one piece from the packing box to see whether the surface is flat and in good condition. The glaze should be uniform, bright, spotless, lack of glaze, bumping, and the surrounding edges should be regular. Glazing is not bright, astringent, or air bubbles are quality problems.
Secondly, take out a piece of brick and align the two pieces. The smaller the middle gap, the better. If it is a pattern tile, four pieces must be used to piece together a complete pattern, and whether the pattern of the brick should be connected and clear should be considered. Then take out a box of bricks and place them on a large flat surface. Look at the effect from a little distance away. Whether it is white or other colors or patterns, the color should be the same. If there are individual bricks, shallow points, it will be difficult to see. , affect the entire decorative effect.
Then put these bricks up one by one. Compare the size of the bricks. The deviation of small bricks is allowed to be plus or minus 1 mm. The large bricks are allowed to be plus or minus 2 mm.
The final step is to take a piece of brick to knock another piece, or use other hard objects to knock on the brick. If the sound of the brick is crisp and loud, it indicates that the quality of the brick is good and cooked; if the sound is abnormal, it indicates that the brick has heavy skin or cracks. Phenomenon: when the heavy skin is the brick, the air in the material is not discharged, resulting in poor bonding between materials and materials, internal cracking, and not visible on the surface. Only listening to sound can be identified.
The carpet of the carpet has the characteristics of heat preservation, heat insulation, sound absorption, softness, comfort and nobleness and is one of the main materials in the floor decoration.
First, the classification of carpet (a) classified by material
1, pure wool carpet. The main raw material is coarse sheep wool.
2, blended carpets. Wool and synthetic fibers, such as nylon, nylon and other mixed woven.
3, chemical fiber carpets. There are many types of nylon, nylon, acrylic, polypropylene, polyester carpets and so on.
4, plastic carpets. The main raw material is polyvinyl chloride resin, additive agent and other additives.
(B) Classification by knitting process
1. Hand-knitted carpet: It is made by manual weaving, with fine workmanship and colorful patterns. Used for pure wool carpets.
2. Non-woven carpets: The non-woven fabric manufacturing technology is adopted, ie the raw materials are directly made into fabrics by the weaving method without the traditional spinning process. Therefore, non-woven carpets are short-haired carpets that are not warp and weft, such as needle-punched carpets, bonded carpets, and the like. This carpet adheres fluff to rubber or linen substrates. The process is simple and the construction cost is low, but the carpet is thin and the foot feel is poor, and the durability and elasticity are also poorly rented.
3, tufted carpet: woven with tufting weaving method, divided into velveteen carpet and loop pile carpet. The loop pile carpet does not cut the pile loops in the weave. The surface is lapped and the velvet height is 5 to 10 mm. The cut velvet handles the velveteen carpet, and the nap height is usually 7-10mm.
(c) Classification of carpet carpets, he-shaped carpets, oval carpets, etc. according to carpet patterns.
(d) Classification by carpet grade
1, mild household level. Used for infrequently used rooms.
2, moderate home or mild professional use level. It is commonly used in bedrooms and restaurants.
3, general home or moderate professional use level. Used in the living room, living room, etc.
4, heavy home or general professional use level. For places where the family wears heavily.
5, heavy professional use level. Used in public places.
Second, the raw material characteristics of the carpet
1. Wool: Good elasticity, not easy to pollute, deform, wear, good heat insulation, corrosion, insects, and high price.
2. Nylon: good abrasion resistance, easy to clean, no corrosion, no insects, no mildew, but easy to deform, easy to generate static electricity, and will be partially dissolved in case of fire.
3, polyester: wear resistance is second only to nylon, heat, light, no mildew, no insects. Difficult to dye.
4. Polypropylene: light weight, good elasticity, high strength, rich raw materials, and low production costs.
5, acrylic: soft, warm, good elasticity, in the low elongation range of the elastic recovery force close to the wool, lighter than the wool, no mildew, no corrosion is not insects, the disadvantage is poor wear resistance.
Third, the quality of carpet identification
1. Braid density: The quality of the carpet is differentiated from the density of the carpet surface fiber. The standard is the number of warp threads per 0.3048 square meters of carpet (commonly known as the number of tracks). The higher the number of tracks, the better the quality. The average household carpet is 90~150, and the carpet used in high-grade decoration should be 200 or even 400.
2. Abrasion Resistance: The number of times the carpet needs to be exposed to the backing under constant pressure. The abrasion resistance of carpets is related to the variety of raw materials, and it is also related to the thickness of carpet weaving. The thicker it is, the more wearable it is.
3. Resilience: The thickness loss rate of the carpet under dynamic load is expressed as the pressure after the floor carpet is pressurized for a certain period of time. The thickness difference between the carpet and the unpressurized floor is measured. The better the ability, the smaller the difference in thickness and the better the resilience. After testing, resilience is this: Bucket, eye-lun, nylon, polypropylene. Of course, due to the different origins and different levels of technology, especially the many reformed products that appear, this ranking will also change.
4. Electrostaticity: The charging and discharging conditions of carpets measured with carpet surface resistance and static voltage are generally related to the conductivity of the fibers themselves. The chemical fiber carpets currently produced have been treated and will not affect their use.
5. Flammability: Flame resistance is an important indicator of decorative materials. For chemical fiber carpets, where the burning time is within 12 minutes and the burning area diameter is within 17.96 cm, the flame resistance is acceptable. In comparison, polypropylene carpets have poor resistance to burning, and the other carpets have little correlation with the flame resistance index. Of course, in addition to its resistance to burning, we must also pay attention to the problems caused by the burning of chemical fiber carpets and the burning of dragons and tigers.
Fourth, the choice of carpet
1, pure wool carpet: According to the different ways of weaving, wool carpet is divided into hand-woven, woven, non-woven and other varieties. Wool carpets are loved by people for their warmth, sound absorption, softness, comfort, flexibility, and grandeur. However, due to the high price, easy to infest, easy to mold and affect the use of the surface, the family generally use a small piece of wool carpet laying.
2, chemical fiber carpet: a sound-absorbing, thermal insulation, wear resistance, resistance to insects and other advantages but poor flexibility, the feet are hard, easy to vacuum, dust. The price is low and easy to accept. Due to obvious weaknesses. It is gradually replacing other ground materials.
3, blended carpets: willing to have sound absorption, insulation, wear resistant insects and other advantages, flexibility, foot feel better than synthetic fiber carpets, affordable, for some families choose to use.
4. When purchasing carpets, you should ask the dealer for a product quality inspection report, and compare the performance indexes of different materials and carpets with different prices.
The purchase of doors and windows, the structure and classification of doors and windows
1, according to the classification of open doors and windows (1) Swing doors and windows: doors and windows open inward or outward.
(2) Sliding doors and windows: Doors, windows, doors, and doors are horizontally moved.
(3) Folding door: The door leaf can be folded together when opened.
(4) Revolving doors and windows: The doors, windows and doors are opened and closed in rotation. The switch window includes a top hung window, a bottom hung window, a middle hung window, an upright window, and the like.
(5) Spring Doors: Doors with spring hinges that automatically close after opening.
(6) Other doors: including rolling shutters, lifting doors, upturning doors, etc.
2, according to the door and window materials can be divided into: wooden doors and windows, plastic doors and windows, aluminum doors and windows, steel doors and windows, glass doors and windows, reinforced concrete.
3, according to the functions of doors and windows are divided into: Louvre doors and windows, insulation doors, fire doors and other doors.
4, according to the position of doors and windows: the door is divided into outer and inner doors. The windows are divided into side windows (inside and outside walls) and skylights.
(b) Structure of the door leaf
1. Panel door: The door leaf is composed of skeleton and door core board. The defender's core board can be wood board, plywood, hardboard, plastic board, glass, etc. When the door panel is glass, it is a glass door. When the core is a yarn or a louver, it is a screen door or a louver door. It is also possible to partially use glass, yarn or louvers, such as upper glass, lower louver combinations, etc. as required.
2, plywood door: the middle of the light frame, both sides of plywood, fiberboard and other thin plate door. It is generally an interior door.
3, puzzle door: the door made of wood panels. Strong and durable, mostly for the door.
Second, steel doors and windows to buy plastic steel doors and windows is a new generation of doors and windows materials, because of its high wind pressure strength, airtight watertight, air, rain, small amount of penetration, low heat transfer coefficient, thermal insulation, sound insulation, not easy Aging and other advantages are rapidly replacing steel windows and aluminum alloy windows.
1, the structure of steel doors and windows. Plastic steel doors and windows are mainly made of hard PVC (PVC) plastic profiles, plus off-duty hardware. The profile is a porous cavity, and the main cavity has inner lining steel made of cold-rolled steel plates to increase the strength of the steel doors and windows. Profile wall thickness should be 2.5 mm or more.
2, the manufacture of plastic doors and windows. Plastic-steel doors and windows are generally manufactured at the factory using special steel cutting and welding equipment. They are semi-automated and automated. The quality can be guaranteed.
3, buy plastic doors and windows notice.
(1) Do not buy cheap steel doors and windows. Good plastic doors and windows have higher plastic quality, inner lining steel quality and hardware quality, and their service life can reach more than ten years. The use of low-cost steel doors and windows profiles, calcium carbonate content of more than 50%, additives containing lead salts, poor stability, and affect human health. The inner lining steel is a hot bar plate, the thickness is not enough, some even do not have inner lining steel, glass, hardware also have bad products. The service life is only two or three years.
(2) Pay attention to surface quality. The color of plastic profiles on the surface of doors and windows is blue-white or ivory white, clean, smooth and smooth. There are no scratches or bumps on the large surface, and there is no welding or fracture at the welding joint. The surface of the good quality steel doors and windows should have a protective film, and the user should tear off the protective film before use.
(3) Pay attention to glass and hardware. The glass should be smooth and dry. The glass and plastic profiles are not in direct contact and there is a sealing bead that closes the gap. The hardware is complete, the position is correct, the installation is firm, and the use is flexible.
Third, what are the characteristics of aluminum alloy doors and windows (1) light, high-strength: aluminum alloy material is mostly hollow core thin-walled composite section, easy to use, reduce weight, and the section has a high bending strength, made of durable doors and windows, Small deformation.
(2) Good sealing performance: The aluminum alloy itself is easy to be extruded, and the cross-sectional profile of the profile is precise and the processing accuracy is high. Optional waterproof material, elasticity, and durability are all better sealing materials, such as rubber beads and silicone sealants. In terms of profiles, all kinds of sealing strip fixing grooves have been completed together with the same section in the extrusion molding process, which has created favorable conditions for installing sealing materials.
(3) Beautiful appearance: After the surface of the aluminum alloy is anodized, it can show the color of the ancient lead liver, copper, golden, silver and other colors. The sash has a large frame and can be fitted with a large area of ​​glass so that the interior is bright and bright, which enhances the contrast between the interior and exterior facades and makes the room more rich.
(4) Strong corrosion resistance: The aluminum alloy oxide layer does not fade or fall off, and does not require painting. It is easy to maintain without maintenance.
Fourth, how to modify, use solid wood doors Solid wood doors are part of the luxury luxury doors and windows decoration, you can use red spring wood, Thai teak or rosewood to do. Commodity solid wood door specifications are 80 cm × 190 cm, 80 cm × 200 cm, 90 cm × 200 cm several. The price of each door ranges from 1,500 to 3,000 yuan, and high-quality teak doors are as high as 3,000 to 4,000 yuan.
Innovative products, as well as steel doors. Framed with steel, the skin is inlaid with plastic and the appearance is rather hardwood varnish. Can be made into double doors, and attached to the door frame, each about 500 to 800 yuan, can also be customized according to the actual measurement of the door size specifications. Plastic steel door has the characteristics of heat preservation, heat insulation, noise elimination, sound absorption, flame retardant, economical and practical, and the appearance is gorgeous.
Fifth, how to choose the most popular wooden doors when the number of Glulam wooden doors. It is an international advanced wood processing technology that uses high-quality wood after being divided and recombined. It destroys the original cell structure of wood and forms a new structure, making it a new type of wood that is not easy to warp, deform, and crack to adapt to temperature difference. Change with humidity. Such wood is particularly popular in some developed countries such as the United States and Japan.
If the spliced ​​veneer of a rare species of tree is affixed to the surface of glulam, such as European beech, American red oak, etc., the ordinary ordinary wooden door is transformed into a noble, elegant, luxurious and advanced craft wood door, making your living room Brilliant.
Six, the right to buy the security door The key to buy the security door is strong, there are three points for reference:
1, the material should be thick. The thickness of the pipe is generally not less than 1.2 mm, the surface finish of the steel management body is high, there is no rough blistering, and the thick steel pipes are sounded with good sound quality and feel steady.
2, the structure should be reasonable. The anti-theft door with the door frame is more secure and easy to install in the summer. The distance between the gate fence steel pipe is not more than 6 cm (the best hand does not come in).
3, the lock should be selected to lock the third tongue lock multi-security anti-theft lock, indoor and outdoor can be open or locked, and install the door on the door to protect the iron plate, so that the keyless person is difficult to shake.
The purchase of the plate First, the purchase of plywood Plywood by the multi-storey veneer criss-cross plated plate. The outermost front panel is called the panel, and the opposite is called the backplane. The inner plate is called a core plate. In order to eliminate the anisotropy of wood and increase the strength, it is necessary to observe the following when manufacturing plywood: First, the principle of symmetry, the thickness of the veneer in the symmetrical layer, the species of tree, the moisture content, the grain direction, and the manufacturing method are all the same so that various internal stresses can be achieved. balance. The second is the principle of odd numbers. There are three plywood, five plywood and seven, nine, eleven plywood and so on.
Plywood classification:
One type of plywood is a weather resistant, boiling water resistant plywood, and thus has the advantages of durability, high temperature resistance, and steam handling.
The second type plywood is a water-resistant plywood that can be impregnated in cold water and impregnated with hot water for a short time.
The three types of plywood are moisture-resistant plywood, which can be impregnated in cold water for a short time and is suitable for use at room temperature. Used for furniture and general construction purposes.
The four types of plywood are non-moisture-resistant plywood, which are used under indoor normal conditions. The general-purpose plywood materials include beech, eucalyptus, ash, birch, eucalyptus, and poplar.
Plywood purchase notes:
Pick wood grain. When purchasing multiple pieces of plywood, plywood with a wood grain and similar color should be selected.
There must be no dead festival or patches on the front;
The number of horny joints (live joints) is less than 5 and the area is less than 15 mm2;
No obvious discoloration and chromatic aberration; no dense hairline cracking phenomenon and cracks exceeding 200mm × 0.5mm;
Less than 5 holes less than 2 mm in diameter;
Resin vesicles with a length of 15 mm and less than 4 black squashes per square metre; Resin drips with a length of l50 mm and a width of 10 mm are less than 4 per square metre;
No deterioration and deterioration.
Second, the purchase of fiberboard fiberboard is the use of wood or vegetable fiber as the main raw material, the mechanical separation into a single fiber, add additives made of slabs, by hot pressing or adhesive composition into wood-based panels. The thickness is mainly 3, 4 and 5 mm. Since the fiberboard has been treated with water repellent, its hygroscopicity is smaller than that of wood, and its shape stability and antibacterial property are all better.
Fiberboard classification:
1, according to the raw material classification: wood fiberboard, non-wood fiberboard.
2, according to the processing method: special hard fiberboard, ordinary hard fiberboard.
3, by volume weight classification: hard fiberboard (also known as high-density fiberboard), semi-hard fiberboard (also known as medium-density fiberboard), soft fiberboard (also known as low-density fiberboard).
Fibreboard purchase considerations:
Uniform thickness, flat surface, smooth, no stains, water stains, adhesive tracks. The surface of the board is fine, strong, and free from burrs.
Low moisture content, low moisture absorption.
Can hit the board surface by hand, sound crisp and sweet, uniform fiber board quality is better. If the sound is boring, you may have problems with loose glue.
Third, blockboard (Daixinban) The purchase of blockboard is the use of different lengths of small wooden strips to spell the core board, both sides of the adhesive layer or layer of plywood or other veneer, and then made by pressing. The core board is commonly used for pine, cassia, eucalyptus, eucalyptus and other wood.
Blockboard purchase notes:
1, Blockboard is divided into one, two, three and so on. Directly decorated panels, should use a first board, only as a floor with the third-class board available.
2. Select a plate with a smooth surface, a small section, and a small number of skins.
3. Check the quality and density of the veneer of the core board from the side or after sawing.
4. One side of the big core board must be a whole board, and only one patch is allowed on the other side. In addition, the surface of the large core board must be dry and clean.
5, choose blockboard must choose the machine puzzle, do not use hand-board.
6. Observe whether there is any glue or putty in the surrounding area.
7. Sharply tap the surface with a sharp-nosed device and listen to whether the sound is different. If there is a change in the sound, there will be hollow inside.
8. When purchasing in bulk, check the quality inspection documents and quality inspection certificates.
For more decoration information, please visit:
Xi'an Decoration Class Main Station: http://
Xi'an Decoration Classroom Video Station: http://
Xi'an Decoration Classroom Interactive Community: http://029zx.topzj.com
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The floor drain is an important interface connecting the drainage pipe system with the indoor floor. As an important part of the drainage system in the house, it is very important for the odor control in the bathroom. We mainly provide different types of stainless steel floor drains, which are anti-corrosion durable and fast drainage, and also have a fashionable appearance, suitable for various styles of bathrooms.
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JIANGMEN MEIAO KITCHEN AND BATH CO.,LTD , https://www.jmmeiaogroup.com