Winter can not be ignored fire guide!

Right now in winter, the weather is dry, the use of electricity and gas to increase the general use of fire, fire has entered a high period, especially in some people-intensive places, in the event of a fire, can easily lead to group deaths and injuries. The Changsha Municipal Public Security Bureau sorted out the fire prevention and control information of the Hunan Provincial Fire Brigade and the Changsha City Fire Brigade, and released common knowledge of fire for everyone to learn so that in the event of a fire accident, effective measures of self-rescue and rescue can be taken in time.

The common sense of fire points out that the cold weather in winter, scarcity of rain, and storage of various raw materials, increased the amount of gas used for electricity and electricity. Winter is at the beginning and end of each year. Production and work are busy. In addition, people in the short-term night are prone to slackness. Fire safety is often neglected, and fires cannot be discovered in due course. As a result, there are many fire accidents in winter, and there are large casualties.

The main causes of fire accidents are arson, electrical, illegal operations, careless use of fire, play with fire, smoking, spontaneous combustion, lightning strikes and other factors such as earthquakes, windstorms, etc. Material combustion must have three conditions: combustibles, combustion aids, and ignition sources. In the absence of any one of these conditions, combustion will not occur. Combustibles are substances that can react violently with oxygen or other oxidants in the air. Combustion substances are substances that can help and support combustion. Fire sources are those that can cause combustion of combustibles.

According to a casualty caused by a fire accident, the number of households affected and the direct property loss, the fire is divided into three levels: general fire, major fire, and extraordinarily large fire. Once you find a fire, you need to call 119 immediately. When you make an alarm, you must calmly and calmly, do not be alarmed. You must clearly state the fire unit, address, burning object, and fire situation, and tell the firefighters the name of the alarm person and the phone number used. For contact. After the alarm, I or send people to the traffic intersection, the factory gate or the street alley to pick up the fire engines. I need to call the police to get time for the fire brigade to reduce the damage.

However, the civilian police also pointed out that according to the "Fire Protection Law" stipulations, false reports of fire, confusion, warnings, fines or detained for less than ten days.

One, fire escape self-help twelve strokes

1. Escape the rehearsal.

2. Be familiar with the environment and keep the export in mind.

3. Channel exit, smooth resistance.

4. Beware of fire and benefit others.

5. Calm to identify and quickly evacuated.

6. No risk, no greed.

7. Simple protection, masked nose.

8. Make good use of the access road and get into the elevator.

9. Slow down to escape, draw rope to save themselves.

10. Evacuation sites, stick to the support.

11. Slowly throw light throws and seek assistance.

12. The fire is already in place. Don't be scared.

Second, the fire is divided into several categories, which applies extinguishing agent to save

According to the combustion materials and characteristics, fires are divided into four categories: A , B , C , and D :

Category A : Refers to a flammable solid material fire.

Class B : Refers to liquid fires and molten solids fires.

Category C : Refers to combustible gas fires.

Category D : Refers to flammable metal fires such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, lithium, aluminum alloys, etc.

Fire extinguishing agents should be selected according to different types of fire:

1 Use fire, foam, ammonium phosphate, and dry powder fire extinguishing agents for Class A fires.

2For extinguishing Class B fires, dry powder and foam extinguishing agents should be used. Do not use chemical foam fire extinguishing agents for fighting polar solvents in Class B fires. Use anti-solvent foam fire extinguishing agents.

3 The use of dry powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents should be used to save Class C fires.

4 Use 7150 fire extinguishing agent and sand, soil, etc. for fire fighting Class D fire .

Third, the basic principle of fire prevention

Preventing the generation of burning conditions, does not combine the three conditions of combustion with each other and take effect, and adopts restrictions that weaken the development of combustion conditions and prevent the spread of fire. This is the basic principle of fire prevention.

Fourth, the basic principle of fire

According to the basic conditions of combustion, all fire extinguishing measures are to destroy the combustion conditions that have already been formed, or to stop the chain reaction of combustion to extinguish the fire and control the fire within a certain range to minimize the fire damage.

What are the commonly used fire extinguishing agents and fire extinguishers?

Common fire extinguishing agents include: water, foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, etc.

Commonly used fire extinguishers are: dry powder fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, and foam fire extinguishers.

6. Why can't you just open doors and windows when a fire breaks out?

When the doors and windows of the room are closed, the air is not smooth and the indoor oxygen supply is insufficient. Therefore, the fire develops slowly. Once the doors and windows are opened, fresh air influxes rapidly and the fire develops rapidly. At the same time, a large amount of smoke influxes, which can easily lead to poisoning and suffocation. death. At the same time, due to the convection of air, the flames will be pulled out, so in the event of a fire, doors and windows cannot be opened casually.

Seven, why can't chaos pull the wire

First, people who do not understand electrician professional knowledge, in the disorderly connection of electric wires, are prone to accidents due to incorrect wiring, or the connection is not firm, resulting in excessive contact and causing fire accidents.

The second is that the design capacity of the wire is limited, and the wire is disorderly connected, resulting in overloaded access, and it is easy to cause fire due to overload.

What are the toxic gases in the fire?

The toxic gases produced in the fire are mainly carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen trioxide.

Nine, how to escape the fire

In general, the methods of fire escape are:

1 Use climbing fire engines and two ladders to escape escape.

2 Escape with building access or in-building facilities.

3 homemade equipment escape.

4 Find a refuge place to escape.

5 Save each other and escape.

6 Use nearby fire-fighting equipment or other equipment to escape while fighting.

Tenth, the body fired the correct fire extinguishing method

Once you have caught a fire, you should first quickly take off your clothes and extinguish the fire; or roll over and suffocate the fire. But be careful not to scroll too fast, not to run. If there are nearby water sources such as pools, ponds, etc., you can quickly jump into the water, or take water in time to extinguish the body. However, when the body is burned, care should be taken not to jump into the sewage to prevent infection.

Eleven, can not take the elevator on the fire

The reasons for the evacuation of lifts on the fire can not be easily achieved. First, after a fire, it is often easy to cut off the power and cause the elevator to “stuck”, which makes it difficult for rescue work and affects timely evacuation. The second is that elevators pass directly to all floors of the building. Smoke from the fire floor can easily cause a “chimney effect” when it enters the lift channel. People will be smothered with smoke and gas and suffocate at any time in the elevator.

Twelve. High-rise building fire escape method

The first is to make full use of the internal facilities of the building to escape:

1 Use fire escapes, smoke prevention stairs, common stairs, enclosed stairs, and viewing stairs to escape.

2 Use the balcony, corridors, refuge floors, indoor set-ups, lifesaving bags, safety ropes, etc. to escape.

3 Use wall downpipe to escape.

4 Connect the sheets or curtains in the room to escape.

The second is the escape method under different conditions and conditions:

1 When a certain floor or part of a fire catches fire, and the fire has spread, you should not panic and blindly act, but you should pay attention to listening to the fire broadcast, and then choose the appropriate evacuation route and method.

2 When a fire breaks out in the room and the door is blocked, it can be transferred to the adjacent unfired room through the balcony or hallway and then evacuated.

3 If you hear the fire at night, you should first test whether the door has become hot, if it has become hot, the door cannot be opened; if the door is not hot, you can escape the room through normal channels.

4 When a fire zone is on fire, the fire has sealed the stairwell and can be evacuated to the roof and then evacuated from the stairwell adjacent to the unfired building.

The third is self-help, mutual rescue escape method:

1 Use fire-fighting equipment stored on each floor to save the initial fire.

2 Make full use of nearby objects to help yourself to escape: If you put sheets, curtains, etc. into a rope, slide ropes will help you; or tap the water to keep the doors and walls wet and prevent the fire from spreading.

3 The elderly, the weak, the sick, the pregnant women, the children and those who are not familiar with the environment should be guided to evacuate and jointly escape.

XIII. Escape Ways of Underground Building Fires

1 When you enter the underground building, you should observe the internal facilities and layout of the structure, and master the passages and exits just in case.

2 When you are escaping, try to lower your posture. Do not take a deep breath and try to cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel or clothing as much as possible to prevent the smoke from inhaling the respiratory tract.

3 After escaping the underground building, you must not return to the ground.

In case the evacuation channel is blocked, the existing equipment should be used to actively save, and try to find a way to prolong survival time and wait for rescue.

XIV. Escape Way of Residential Fire

Unitary residential housing is an important place for people to live a stable life, rest comfortably, and maintain their existence. After the fire broke out, specific ways to escape are:

( 1 ) Use doors and windows to escape.

Wrap the quilt, blanket, or tweezers in water and wrap it in the body and rush out of the trapped area. Or use a rope (a piece of cloth or curtain can be used instead of a piece of cloth instead) at one end and attach it to the door, the attachable member, or other firm fixed object, and attach the other end to the old person, the child's two ribs and the abdomen, and place it along the window. To the ground, other people can slide down the rope.

( 2 ) Use the balcony to escape.

If the balconies of adjacent units communicate with each other, the dividers can be broken and escape into another unit. When there is no connecting balcony and the balconies are close together, indoor bed boards or door panels can be placed between the balconies and pass through the bridge. If the corridor corridor is full of smoke, the doors and windows that communicate with the balcony can be closed and evacuated on the balcony.

( 3 ) Use space to escape.

When the indoor space is large and the fire load is not large, the indoor combustibles are removed, the combustibles in the connected rooms are cleared, and the doors and windows that communicate with the combustion zone are closed to prevent the entry of smoke and toxic gases and wait for rescue.

( 4 ) Use Time Escape to escape.

When the fire closed the passage, the people were evacuated to the room furthest from the fire, and quilts, blankets, etc. were prepared inside the room. They were wetted and used windows and doors to escape from the burning room.

( 5 ) Use pipe to escape.

When there are downpipes or water supply pipes on the walls outside the room, people who have the ability to escape can use the pipes. This method is generally not suitable for women, the elderly and children.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.