Lantian jade is an ancient famous jade. As early as the Qin Dynasty, it was a quarrying stone and a famous jade. In the Tang Dynasty and many previous ancient books, there were records of Lantian-made beauty jade. According to records, Emperor Tang Ming had ordered Lan Tianyu to make 謦 (a percussion instrument) for Yang Guifei. His "Han Geography" said that Meiyu was produced from "Jingbei (now Xi'an North) Lantian Mountain". Later, the "Han Han Shu Wai Chuan", Zhang Heng "Xijing Fu", "Guang Ya", "Shui Jing Zhu" and "Yuanhe County Map" and other ancient books. During the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty, Song Yingxing said in the "Heavenly Creations": "The so-called Lantian, that is, the Congling Mountains (Kunlun Mountain) is the alias of jade, and then mistakenly thought that Xi'an Lantian also."
Lantian jade history
Archaeological data prove that Lantian jade is one of the earliest jade species developed and utilized in China, and has a history of more than 4,000 years. Lantian County is located in the southeast of Xi'an City, and the county town is 40 kilometers away from Xi'an. The county is surrounded by the Qinling Mountains in the east and the south, and the rest is the hilly area of ​​the Kawahara. The Weihe River and the Weihe River, which flow around the eight waters of Chang'an, originate here. The famous white deer squats between the mountains and the dragonflies. During the Warring States Period, Qin set Lantian County, because the beauty of jade is indigo, and the county produces beautiful jade, hence the name Lantian. It is now one of the counties in Xi'an.
The ancestors of human intelligence, at least in the late Neolithic period, discovered the hard quality, delicate texture and beautiful colors of Lantian jade, which were used to make tools and rituals. Among the 125 pieces of Shenmu Shilong Longshan culture jade preserved in the Shaanxi History Museum, there is a vegetable jade shovel made with Lantian jade. The shovel is green in the grass, and the blade end is light brown, long trapezoidal, thin and flat, with a straight back and a corner. The blade is slightly inclined. The round is worn on one side. It is 16.8 cm long and 7.5 cm wide. It is extremely thin and thick. 0.2 cm.
In the Warring States Period, Lantianyu was developed on a large scale. The Warring States Day Yuxi discovered in Tianshui City of Gansu Province has the unique green-gray and mottled texture of Lantianyu. The large body is flat and shovel-shaped, with a wide arc edge and two corners. There are beautiful adduction curves on both sides of the carcass and each of them has two rectangular holes. Because the function is a ceremonial device, it is inconvenient to handle the handle, so a square notch is opened in the handle portion to indicate the position of the handle. The end of the dragonfly is a phoenix bird or a cloud-like shape, followed by a mouth-tailed tiger. The two sides of the carcass have the same pattern, each with a bas-relief. Its image cross-browed inside the hook, "Chen"-shaped eyes, u-shaped nose, hanging on both sides of the nose and squatting. Above the animal face, each of the arcuate ridges is bilaterally symmetrical, and extends downward to cover the animal face and is closed, thereby forming an arc pattern parallel to the arcuate edge. The kneading surfaces close to the through-holes are decorated with the unique folds of the warring States, and the S lines are filled. Two parallel straight lines are carved parallel to the notch of the shank, and there are two dot patterns corresponding to the shank. The two sides of the end are also decorated with square-folded moiré and round crepe. Gorgeous and magnificent, exquisite and unusual, giving people a solemn mystery and strong shock.
Lantian Yugu has always been famous. According to the archaeological Qin Shihuang, the world’s first life, Li Sicai, Lantian jade, and jade, Shangyu: ordered by Tian, ​​Emperor Shou Yongchang. Today's people praise: the taste of it is endless, the value of Tibet is even city. This product has excellent materials, fine workmanship and beautiful shape.
Lantian jade is a famous jade in ancient times. Many ancient books in the Tang Dynasty and before have records of Lantian-made jade. According to records, Emperor Tang Ming had ordered Lan Tianyu to make 謦 (a percussion instrument) for Yang Guifei.
The name "Lantian Yu" is also named after its production in Lantian Mountain in northern Xi'an. However, probably because the mines were mined, the later generations could not find them. They questioned the saying of “Lantian Maizeâ€, and speculated that Lantian was just a distribution center for jade, not a land for jade. In 1978, geologists discovered serpentine petrochemical marble jade in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. Compared with the unearthed cultural relics of the Han Dynasty, it was considered to be the ancient recorded Lantian jade. Although there is still controversy about whether the ancient Lantian jade is the current "Lantian jade", most scholars, such as Zhou Nanquan and Yan Bingao, believe that the Lantian jade described in the ancient books such as "Lantianyu" and "Hanshu" discovered today. .
That is to say, the famous Lantian jade in ancient China was produced in Lantian, and its jade is serpentine petrochemical marble. Its main mineral composition is calcite, followed by leaf serpentine. The color is mainly white, but also yellow, beige, light green to green. The texture is fine, clean and has good processing performance.
Lantian jade, now mined in Lantian County, has been carved into various handicrafts, such as tea sets, wine sets, jade pillows, jade bracelets, fitness balls, etc., which are sold throughout the country.
Lantian jade composition:
The new Lantian jade deposit mined by Jinren is located in the Yuchuan and Hongxing areas of Lantian County, about 35 kilometers away from the county. The ore-bearing rock formations are Archean biotite schist and angular flash gneiss. Jade is a fine-grained marble, mainly composed of calcite. According to the mineral composition and appearance characteristics, jade can be divided into five types: the first one is white marble. The second type is light beige serpentine marble. The third type is yellow serpentine marble. The fourth type is apple-colored serpentine marble. The fifth type is a strip-shaped translucent petrified serpentine marble.
chemical composition
According to the research, the new Lantian jade stone without any treatment contains SiO2 23.86%, TiO2 0.10%, Al2O3 0.55%, Cr2O3 0.0004%, Fe2O3 0.38%, FeO 0.55%, MnO 0.015%, MgO 19.34%, CaO 29.09%, Na2O 0.085%, P2O5 0.02%, H2O 5.04%, CO2 21.35%, and the like. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the mineral composition was mainly calcite (50.75%), serpentine (49.25%), and a small amount of talc. Jade is white, beige, yellow-green, apple green, green and white, showing glass luster, grease luster, micro-transparent to translucent. It is in the form of blocks, strips, and spots, and the texture is dense and delicate. The hardness is 3-4 and the density is about 2.7 g/cm3. Some varieties can be foamed with hydrochloric acid.
Quality requirements and identification:
The arts and crafts require Lantian jade to be beautiful or elegant, with strong luster, high transparency, and uniform distribution of minerals such as serpentine. The texture is dense, delicate, tough, smooth, free from cracks and other defects. The block size is large.
Lan Tianyu - Classification:
Lantian jade has jade, ink jade, color jade, white marble, topaz, mostly multi-color jade with distinct colors, good color and strange patterns. According to recent surveys, Lantian jade reserves of more than 1 million cubic meters, mainly distributed in Yuchuan Township and Hongmensi Township. In the past, local folk jade craftsmen used artificial jade processing. In recent years, they began to use mechanical quarrying to produce a wide variety of decorations and handicrafts. Such as jade cup, jade, jade bracelet, fitness ball and so on. Many jade products reveal natural landscape images, which are good and inexpensive crafts.
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