Toray announced on September 20, 2013 that the company's "Polymer Organic Thin Film Solar Cell" achieved the world's highest conversion efficiency of 10.6%. On the same day, the company disclosed the details of the battery at the "74th Applied Physics Society Fall Academic Talk" (September 16 to 20, 2013).
According to Toray, the solar cell uses an independently developed thiophene polymer material "Polymer-1" for electronic donors (p-type semiconductors equivalent to inorganic semiconductors). In addition, the C70 derivative "PCBM70" was also used as an electron acceptor (equivalent to an n-type semiconductor). The HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) energy level of Polymer-1 is -5.1 eV and the band gap is 1.58 eV. The carrier mobility is about 1.0×10-2cm2/Vs, which is higher than the original battery donor material. However, "due to the patent relationship" (Toray), the company did not disclose the detailed chemical structure of Polymer-1.
Trial polymer organic thin film solar cells
External quantum efficiency (left) and output power characteristics (right) for each wavelength of the prototype device.
Toray uses this material to prototype an organic thin-film solar cell with a device area of ​​4mm2 and an active layer film of 130nm, which shows a conversion efficiency of 9.4%.
In order to obtain a higher light absorption rate, Toray also produced an organic thin film solar cell with an active layer thickness of 300 nm with the same material and the same element area. As a result, it was found that the shorter wavelength light absorption rate increased and the conversion efficiency increased to 10.6%. The short-circuit current density at this time was 21.7 mA/cm2, the open-circuit voltage was 0.762 V, and the FF (Fill Factor) was 0.641.
Organic solar cells with an active layer thickness of 300 nm have barely existed before. This is because, after the active layer film of the organic material is thickened, it is generally difficult to efficiently extract electrons and holes generated by photoexcitation from the electrodes. This time, "Because Polymer-1 is a macromolecule, and its carrier mobility is also high as a macromolecule, it is easy to form a path in which carriers move to the electrode and the thickness of the film can be increased." (Toray). In addition, Toray also stated that, in addition to achieving high efficiency, it is also expected that leaks caused by short-circuits between element electrodes will be less likely to occur, thereby improving durability. (Reporter: Nozawa Tetsuru, Nikkei Electronics)
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