Powder metallurgy high-speed steel (PM HSS) is the top grade in high-speed steel. Most domestic tool factories only have a vague concept. It is only known as a high-speed steel with excellent performance. I don’t know that there is a chemical at present in China. The third generation PM HSS, which was developed in the first and second generations with the same composition and quality and performance, was developed at the beginning of the 21st century.
Development and current status of powder metallurgy high-speed steel In the early 1970s, PM HSS was first put into industrial production by the Swedish Stora plant (now France's Erasteel). This is the first generation of PM HSS, and its non-metallic inclusion content is equivalent to arc. The level of refining of the LF ladle after the furnace.
In 1991, the Soederfors plant in Sweden adopted the ESH technology (electroslag heating method) to make the steel more pure. Compared with the first generation PM HSS, the non-metallic inclusion content can be reduced by 90% and the flexural strength can be increased by 20%. The PM HSS produced by ESH technology is called the second generation. The trademark of the company's products is also changed to ASP 2000 series, such as steel type ASP 2030, and its first generation product is called ASP 30. The chemical composition is the same.
France's Erasteel has been researching the production of its second-generation ESH PM HSS since 2002 and has made several improvements. Since 2004, its product trademark has been called Dvalin, and all produced and exported products are hereby The new standard, this is the company's third generation PM HSS. The company's second-generation PM HSS uses ESH technology to reduce non-metallic inclusions by 90% compared to the first generation, while the third-generation Dvalin PM HSS reduces non-metallic inclusions by 90% compared to the second generation. If the number of non-metallic inclusions in a size of 50 μm per 1 cm 3 of steel is used, the conventional (first generation) PM HSS is 0.6, the second generation is 0.03, and the third generation Dvalin is 0.002.
The large reduction of non-metallic inclusions has increased the flexural strength of PM HSS from generation to generation. The lateral bending strength measured from φ100mm steel is taken as an example. The strength of the third generation PM HSS Dvalin ASP2030 is higher than that of the second generation ESH ASP2030. The corresponding value is increased by 20%, which allows the resulting tool to withstand greater cutting stresses and more impact loads.
Impact of Tool Surface Defects on Tool Performance A significant advantage of ASP steel is its high strength compared to other tool materials such as cemented carbide. This allows tool makers to not only make sharp tools, but also allow their users to use tools with high feed rates and workpiece material removal rates at high loads. The high strength of PM HSS stems from its unique combination of high purity and fine microstructure, resulting in extremely low levels of internal material defects.
Because the level of internal defects in PM HSS is low and the size is small, it is highly probable that tool surface defects due to the tool production process (rather than the "intrinsic" quality of steel) become a major defect, which means that in the tool Surface defects introduced during the manufacturing process may result in high strengths that are expected due to the high quality of the overall material. Since the tool surface is usually the part of the tool that is subjected to the highest stress, defects on the tool surface often become a limiting factor in tool life.
The surface quality of the tool is the result of different processing steps in the tool manufacturing, such as heat treatment, grinding, final surface preparation, and the like. The final performance of the tool depends on the surface quality of the tool. Surface quality is obtained by the following combinations:
The "geometric nature" of the surface: surface roughness, surface defects (such as grinding scratches).
Compared with the material as a whole, the "tissue, mechanical and chemical transitions" of materials close to the surface, such as phase transition, heat affected zone, carburization, decarburization, oxidation, residual stress, plastic deformation, etc.
Other defects, such as burrs. High performance PM HSS is often heat treated to a higher hardness level (66 to 70 HRC) due to its high alloy content, but generally has poor toughness. Tool manufacturers can still have sufficient toughness for tools that are hardened to high hardness, and care should be taken to improve the surface roughness of the tool edge. High-speed steel with a hardness of 65HRC has a flexural strength of 5GPa when the surface roughness is Ra0.5μm; another high-speed steel with a hardness of 70HRC can also achieve a flexural strength of 5GPa when the surface roughness is Ra0.2μm. . This can only be done on modern PM HSS.
China's PM HSS use status China is a large country of high-speed steel. In 2005, the output of high-speed steel was about 37,000 tons. According to the consumption structure of international high-speed steel, China should use 4500 tons of PM HSS, but in fact it is not even 40 tons. It can be seen that China's PM HSS materials are still in their infancy. The key to changing this situation is to change the concept. One of the most typical examples is the eucalyptus wheel slot Milling cutter. The PM HSS has been used abroad for more than 30 years. In recent years, a new round of steel has been changed to obtain a higher cutting life. Domestically, it has been consistently produced for decades. With M42 steel, the cutting life of this tool abroad is 2 to 3 times that of domestically produced tools. In 2005, the tool imports amounted to nearly 100 million.
Only tool producers aim at the world's advanced level, strive for progress in quality, and innovate in materials. China can develop benignly in the use and production of PM HSS tools. Only the use and use of PM HSS can be expanded to promote PM. The development of HSS.
At present, the following tools have been used in China to start PM HSS: dry cutting gear hob (140 ~ 180m / min), eucalyptus wheel slot milling cutter, mushroom blade root milling cutter, bimetallic band sawtooth hob, spiral bevel gear Milling cutter, high speed gear hob (100 ~ 120m / min), pinion cutter, aviation blade root broach and so on. The PM HSS steels used are: ASP2052, S390 (S10.5-2-5-8), CPM T15, ASP2015 (S12-0-5-5), CPM M4HC, S690 (S6-5-4), ASP2030 , S590 (S6.5-5-3.1-8.5), S790 (S6-5-3) and other brands. Users can choose according to the supply conditions of different PM HSS production plants.
Another important application area for PM HSS and PM TS (powder metallurgical tool steel) is the mould industry. Molds have high quality requirements for materials, and most of them use high quality raw materials. Mold material suppliers are very wealthy and will place large orders in the absence of sufficient knowledge of PM HSS. The grades are mainly CPM M4 and ASP2023. The majority of Ukrainian exporters of 20 tons of PM HSS exported to China are Shenzhen mold materials suppliers. I have encountered users who must use powder metallurgy cold work die steel to meet the service life of the product. The existing die uses Cr12MoV steel to obtain a life of 500,000 times, and the user requires a grinding life of 5 million times per time. Only the powder metallurgy cold work die steel can be used. As an application area for PM HSS, the mold industry will become a stronger pillar than the tool industry. In addition, aerospace gear pumps must use PM TS as a raw material once developed.
China's power generation capacity this year reached 75 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world, and the steam turbine plants are busy. Automobile production will exceed 4 million, ranking fourth in the world. In this situation, some key steam turbine tools and car cutters must use PM HSS as raw materials to catch up with the international level. Therefore, it is imperative to establish the concept of international high-quality tooling and to break old thinking.
Development and current status of powder metallurgy high-speed steel In the early 1970s, PM HSS was first put into industrial production by the Swedish Stora plant (now France's Erasteel). This is the first generation of PM HSS, and its non-metallic inclusion content is equivalent to arc. The level of refining of the LF ladle after the furnace.
In 1991, the Soederfors plant in Sweden adopted the ESH technology (electroslag heating method) to make the steel more pure. Compared with the first generation PM HSS, the non-metallic inclusion content can be reduced by 90% and the flexural strength can be increased by 20%. The PM HSS produced by ESH technology is called the second generation. The trademark of the company's products is also changed to ASP 2000 series, such as steel type ASP 2030, and its first generation product is called ASP 30. The chemical composition is the same.
France's Erasteel has been researching the production of its second-generation ESH PM HSS since 2002 and has made several improvements. Since 2004, its product trademark has been called Dvalin, and all produced and exported products are hereby The new standard, this is the company's third generation PM HSS. The company's second-generation PM HSS uses ESH technology to reduce non-metallic inclusions by 90% compared to the first generation, while the third-generation Dvalin PM HSS reduces non-metallic inclusions by 90% compared to the second generation. If the number of non-metallic inclusions in a size of 50 μm per 1 cm 3 of steel is used, the conventional (first generation) PM HSS is 0.6, the second generation is 0.03, and the third generation Dvalin is 0.002.
The large reduction of non-metallic inclusions has increased the flexural strength of PM HSS from generation to generation. The lateral bending strength measured from φ100mm steel is taken as an example. The strength of the third generation PM HSS Dvalin ASP2030 is higher than that of the second generation ESH ASP2030. The corresponding value is increased by 20%, which allows the resulting tool to withstand greater cutting stresses and more impact loads.
Impact of Tool Surface Defects on Tool Performance A significant advantage of ASP steel is its high strength compared to other tool materials such as cemented carbide. This allows tool makers to not only make sharp tools, but also allow their users to use tools with high feed rates and workpiece material removal rates at high loads. The high strength of PM HSS stems from its unique combination of high purity and fine microstructure, resulting in extremely low levels of internal material defects.
Because the level of internal defects in PM HSS is low and the size is small, it is highly probable that tool surface defects due to the tool production process (rather than the "intrinsic" quality of steel) become a major defect, which means that in the tool Surface defects introduced during the manufacturing process may result in high strengths that are expected due to the high quality of the overall material. Since the tool surface is usually the part of the tool that is subjected to the highest stress, defects on the tool surface often become a limiting factor in tool life.
The surface quality of the tool is the result of different processing steps in the tool manufacturing, such as heat treatment, grinding, final surface preparation, and the like. The final performance of the tool depends on the surface quality of the tool. Surface quality is obtained by the following combinations:
The "geometric nature" of the surface: surface roughness, surface defects (such as grinding scratches).
Compared with the material as a whole, the "tissue, mechanical and chemical transitions" of materials close to the surface, such as phase transition, heat affected zone, carburization, decarburization, oxidation, residual stress, plastic deformation, etc.
Other defects, such as burrs. High performance PM HSS is often heat treated to a higher hardness level (66 to 70 HRC) due to its high alloy content, but generally has poor toughness. Tool manufacturers can still have sufficient toughness for tools that are hardened to high hardness, and care should be taken to improve the surface roughness of the tool edge. High-speed steel with a hardness of 65HRC has a flexural strength of 5GPa when the surface roughness is Ra0.5μm; another high-speed steel with a hardness of 70HRC can also achieve a flexural strength of 5GPa when the surface roughness is Ra0.2μm. . This can only be done on modern PM HSS.
China's PM HSS use status China is a large country of high-speed steel. In 2005, the output of high-speed steel was about 37,000 tons. According to the consumption structure of international high-speed steel, China should use 4500 tons of PM HSS, but in fact it is not even 40 tons. It can be seen that China's PM HSS materials are still in their infancy. The key to changing this situation is to change the concept. One of the most typical examples is the eucalyptus wheel slot Milling cutter. The PM HSS has been used abroad for more than 30 years. In recent years, a new round of steel has been changed to obtain a higher cutting life. Domestically, it has been consistently produced for decades. With M42 steel, the cutting life of this tool abroad is 2 to 3 times that of domestically produced tools. In 2005, the tool imports amounted to nearly 100 million.
Only tool producers aim at the world's advanced level, strive for progress in quality, and innovate in materials. China can develop benignly in the use and production of PM HSS tools. Only the use and use of PM HSS can be expanded to promote PM. The development of HSS.
At present, the following tools have been used in China to start PM HSS: dry cutting gear hob (140 ~ 180m / min), eucalyptus wheel slot milling cutter, mushroom blade root milling cutter, bimetallic band sawtooth hob, spiral bevel gear Milling cutter, high speed gear hob (100 ~ 120m / min), pinion cutter, aviation blade root broach and so on. The PM HSS steels used are: ASP2052, S390 (S10.5-2-5-8), CPM T15, ASP2015 (S12-0-5-5), CPM M4HC, S690 (S6-5-4), ASP2030 , S590 (S6.5-5-3.1-8.5), S790 (S6-5-3) and other brands. Users can choose according to the supply conditions of different PM HSS production plants.
Another important application area for PM HSS and PM TS (powder metallurgical tool steel) is the mould industry. Molds have high quality requirements for materials, and most of them use high quality raw materials. Mold material suppliers are very wealthy and will place large orders in the absence of sufficient knowledge of PM HSS. The grades are mainly CPM M4 and ASP2023. The majority of Ukrainian exporters of 20 tons of PM HSS exported to China are Shenzhen mold materials suppliers. I have encountered users who must use powder metallurgy cold work die steel to meet the service life of the product. The existing die uses Cr12MoV steel to obtain a life of 500,000 times, and the user requires a grinding life of 5 million times per time. Only the powder metallurgy cold work die steel can be used. As an application area for PM HSS, the mold industry will become a stronger pillar than the tool industry. In addition, aerospace gear pumps must use PM TS as a raw material once developed.
China's power generation capacity this year reached 75 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world, and the steam turbine plants are busy. Automobile production will exceed 4 million, ranking fourth in the world. In this situation, some key steam turbine tools and car cutters must use PM HSS as raw materials to catch up with the international level. Therefore, it is imperative to establish the concept of international high-quality tooling and to break old thinking.
Fastener(Non-s)
CNC Screw,CNC Bolt,CNC Nut,CNC Parts
Chongqing Henghui Precision Mold Co., Ltd , https://www.citool.com