Graphene is an extremely tough conductor material composed of monolayer graphite atoms. Its discovery has caused the world's interest in other two-dimensional materials. In the past decade, scientists have discovered hundreds of such materials. These materials have had a significant impact on areas such as electronics, thermal management, filtration, and medicine. Today, boron atoms will also be used to make a planar material called Boronene.
The picture shows the boron chromene structure
Atomic boron
Boron is one of the many raw materials that scientists have considered for the development of two-dimensional materials. Boron atoms are an interesting "building material" for several reasons. For one, it is a semi-metal with both partial and non-metallic properties. As a two-dimensional material, this means that it may exhibit some unique traits.
In addition, boron has a special bonding ability. Its p orbital has three valence atoms, so it can form up to three chemical bonds. A boron atom can form a strong covalent bond, that is, two atoms share two outer electrons; or a stable electron-deficient bond, that is, three atoms share two atoms. Therefore, boron can form materials with different three-dimensional structures.
However, the vast majority of studies on the production of boron in two-dimensional materials still remain at the theoretical stage. Because of the high cost and toxicity of its precursors, few people are conducting experiments related to this. However, in a recent study published in the journal Science, scientists successfully bypassed these precursors and created two-dimensional boron materials. They called this atomically thin film "boronene."
New two-dimensional boron film
In this latest study, scientists used physical vapor deposition techniques to make boron films. With this method, boron is vaporized under super-high vacuum. The gasified particles were transferred in vacuum to the target plane (silver used in this study) and deposited as a thin film. The researchers were able to obtain a series of different planar boron structures depending on the direction of the boron particles' movement and deposition conditions.
The analysis of these boromene films shows that some of the films have similarities with the "boronene" molecular structure model. They are composed of 36 boron atoms and form three mutually connected quasi-plane loops, leaving one in the middle. The hollow shape of the edge. However, these new thin films do not consist of a single molecule but consist of several layers of such ring structures, exhibiting out-of-plane bending vibration characteristics. These fragments will form a hexagonal structure on their own, with a boron atom around it, as if a bee was sitting in the middle of the hive. In addition, scientists also observed other structures, such as a ribbon-like material.
Analysis of the electronic properties of these films showed that they have metal-like properties, but their electronic properties depend on the direction of current flow. In other words, the direction in which the electrons pass through the boronene is different, and the manner of movement is different. The professional name for this feature is called "anisotropy of electronic properties."
Boronene vs other two-dimensional materials
This two-dimensional boronene film is indeed very interesting. It fills the gap between a two-dimensional material (eg, graphene) formed entirely of covalent bonds and a semi-metal film (eg, silicone) that remains stable only when placed on a particular support structure.
Boronene is more stable than silicone because it has a strong covalent bond. In addition, boromene has similar mechanical properties as graphene. In the examples discussed in this article, the mechanical properties of boromene in the vertical direction are different. The Young's modulus of graphene is 340 GPa-nm, while the Young's modulus of boronene in the horizontal direction is higher than that of graphene (398 GPa-nm), and the Young's modulus in the vertical direction is higher than that of graphite. The olefins are low (170 GPa-nm). Boronene also has considerable hardness.
The other two-dimensional materials do not have the characteristics of the new boron-based enamel film, that is, they intersect with the three major areas of metal, semi-metal, and non-metal. Therefore, single-layer and multi-layered boromenes can be said to pave the way for the development of nanoscale electronic devices and micromechanical devices. However, whether or not the material can be used in commerce in the future depends on whether or not scientists can unify their manufacturing process, instead of producing various versions of different nature as they are now.
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