Promoting the reform of resource product prices and environmental protection charges is not only an objective need to improve the socialist market economic system and improve the efficiency of resource allocation, but also an urgent requirement for promoting energy conservation and emission reduction and promoting the transformation of China's economic development mode. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to this. In the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Hu Jintao proposed to "improve the production factors and resource price formation mechanism that reflect the relationship between market supply and demand, resource scarcity and environmental damage costs." Premier Wen Jiabao clearly pointed out in this year's government work report that "to promote resources." Sex product price reform." In accordance with the deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, in the first half of this year, the reform of important energy resources such as water, electricity and refined oil products achieved positive results.
I. Actively promote water price reform In recent years, in accordance with the unified arrangements of the central government, local governments have actively promoted water price reforms, continuously improved the water price formation mechanism, and achieved remarkable results. The sewage treatment fee and water resource fee collection system has been generally established. The non-resident water supply quota system has been fully implemented. The residential water price-based water price system has been gradually implemented, and the water price system reflecting the water scarcity, water treatment and sewage treatment costs in China has basically taken shape. It has played a positive role in promoting the rational allocation of water resources, improving water efficiency and water pollution prevention, and ensuring the healthy development of the water supply and sewage treatment industries. However, it should also be noted that the current urban water supply price, sewage treatment fee, water resource fee, etc. still have problems such as low levy standards and narrow levy scope, which is not conducive to promoting the economical use of resources.
Since the beginning of this year, cities such as Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Lanzhou and Yinchuan have adjusted their water prices. Cities such as Shenyang and Xining have held hearings to adjust water prices. From the actual situation in various places, the reasons for price adjustment are different: some are to solve the problem of low sewage treatment fees, some are to alleviate the losses of production and operation of water supply enterprises, and some are to raise funds for water conservancy projects such as South-to-North Water Transfer. These measures are in line with the direction of reform and are conducive to promoting the conservation of resources and environmental protection. As of the end of 2008, the average terminal water price (including tap water price, sewage treatment fee, water resource fee, etc.) of domestic and industrial water consumption of 36 large and medium-sized cities was 2.35 yuan and 3.19 yuan per ton, respectively, an increase of 12.4% over 2005. And 17.2%. Among them, the actual collection standard for residential domestic water and industrial water sewage treatment fees is 0.70 yuan and 1.00 yuan per ton, respectively, which is 29.6% and 38.9% higher than that in 2005, and the adjustment rate of sewage treatment fee standard obviously exceeds the terminal water price adjustment range.
In order to ensure the steady implementation of water price reform, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Urban Water Supply Price Management and Other Issues", clearly requiring that the current water price adjustment should be established to promote water conservation and rational allocation of water. Resources and water efficiency as the core water price formation mechanism, and promote the sustainable use of water resources, focusing on alleviating the problem of low sewage treatment fees. In the process of adjusting water prices, all localities should consider the development needs of the water supply and sewage treatment industry and the social affordability, rationally grasp the intensity and timing of water price adjustment, and prevent the centralized introduction of price adjustment projects; areas with large water price contradictions should be coordinated. , step by step. Strictly implement the cost supervision and auditing procedures and audit procedures, effectively strengthen the review of water supply pricing costs, and encourage water supply enterprises to strengthen internal management and strengthen self-restraint, curb unreasonable cost expenditures, and improve the transparency of water price decisions. At the same time, it will further simplify the classification of water prices and realize the same price of industrial and commercial water; actively implement the stepped water price system for residential water consumption, reduce the impact of water price adjustment on low-income families, and raise residents' awareness of water conservation. Do a good job in the protection of low-income families. According to the impact of water price adjustment, low-income families should adopt various methods such as raising the minimum living standard and increasing subsidies according to local conditions to ensure their basic living water and ensure their basic living standards are not reduced.
2. Continue to deepen electricity price reform The ultimate goal of electricity price reform is that electricity generation and electricity sales prices are formed by market competition, and transmission and distribution prices are set by the government. In accordance with this reform goal, in the first half of this year, we will actively promote price reforms in terms of on-grid tariffs and sales tariffs.
The first is to improve the renewable energy power generation price policy. In order to standardize wind power price management, the “Notice on Improving the On-grid Electricity Price Policy for Wind Power Generation†was issued. According to the status of wind energy resources and construction conditions, the whole country will be divided into four types of wind resource areas, and the on-grid tariffs for wind power benchmarks will be formulated accordingly. On the one hand, by pre-announcement of benchmarking price levels, investors will be provided with clear investment expectations, encourage the development of quality resources, limit the development of inferior resources, and promote the orderly development of wind power development; on the other hand, it will also encourage wind power enterprises to continue Reduce investment costs and operating costs, improve operational management efficiency, and promote the healthy development of the wind power industry.
The second is to promote direct transactions between power users and power generation companies. In March of this year, the 20% sales market was clearly released. For large industrial users who are in line with national industrial policies and whose power voltage level is above 110 kV, they are allowed to purchase electricity directly from power generation companies, and encourage both suppliers and buyers to negotiate pricing. In June, the State Administration of Electricity Regulatory and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Improving the Pilot Work on Direct Trading of Power Users and Power Generation Enterprises to further standardize and guide the pilot work of direct trading of power users and power generation enterprises. The introduction of these policies has further promoted the reform of electricity prices, which is conducive to the introduction of competition mechanisms, increase the choice of power users, and promote the formation of a reasonable electricity price mechanism.
The third is to clean up and rectify the preferential electricity price. For some provinces to introduce preferential tariffs for high-energy-consuming enterprises, it is not conducive to promoting the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of high-energy-consuming industries. After approval by the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Electricity Regulatory Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Issues Related to Preferential Electricity Prices, in the name of bilateral transactions of power generation and electricity companies, etc., to reduce the on-grid tariffs of power generation enterprises or the sales price of electricity-using enterprises, and to comprehensively clean up and promote preferential electricity price measures for high-energy-consuming enterprises. The national economy is developing healthily.
In the next step, we will continue to deepen the electricity price reform in accordance with the established reform direction. Guide local direct pilots of power users and power generation enterprises; research and develop benchmark grid-connected electricity prices for large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power plants, improve the price mechanism of biomass power generation; pay close attention to research and guide the method of issuing sales price classification structure, reduce cross-subsidy; further standardize energy trading Price management approach.
Third, conscientiously implement the refined oil price and tax reform program in accordance with the improved oil product price formation mechanism, the domestic refined oil price is indirectly linked with the international market crude oil price control, based on the international market crude oil price, plus domestic average processing Cost, taxation, liquidity costs and appropriate profits are determined. Since the beginning of this year, according to the changes in oil prices in the international market, the state has adjusted the price of refined oil products by rising and falling, including controlling the price of refined oil three times in a controlled manner, reducing the price of refined oil twice, and mobilizing the enthusiasm of refining enterprises to protect domestic finished products. The oil market supply has played a positive role.
China's oil resources are lacking. With the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, oil demand is growing rapidly, and domestic oil production is far from meeting the needs. According to statistics, in 2008, China's net import of oil was about 200 million tons, accounting for 51.3% of total oil consumption, and China's dependence on oil consumption is still increasing year by year. If we do not promote the reform of refined oil prices and rationalize the relationship between domestic oil prices, it will be difficult to effectively use international oil resources. It is difficult to ensure the demand for oil in economic and social development, which will inevitably affect the sustained, stable and healthy development of the national economy.
On the other hand, China's economic structure is irrational, the mode of economic growth is extensive, oil resources are consumed too much, and waste is prominent. Large-displacement vehicles have increased, traffic conditions have deteriorated, and the quality of the living environment of the people has continued to decline. Energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection are the basic national policies that should be adhered to for a long time in the process of China's economic development. Promoting the reform of refined oil prices, rationalizing the price of refined oil, is conducive to exerting price leverage, promoting oil resource conservation and environmental protection, facilitating the transformation of economic development mode and achieving sustainable economic and social development.
Some people always compare the price of oil in China with the United States. China's national conditions objectively require that refined oil products cannot be implemented as low-tax and low-price policies as the United States. If China's per capita oil consumption reaches the level of the United States, it is difficult for the world's oil to meet China's oil demand. Therefore, we need to use price and tax leverage to guide the rational consumption of oil as soon as possible, promote oil resource conservation and energy conservation and emission reduction through appropriate and reasonable prices, and ensure national energy security.
At the same time, we are also clearly aware that under the current operating system, the reform of refined oil prices will face many contradictions and problems, and relevant systems and methods need to be continuously improved. However, this is a contradiction and a problem in the reform. It can only be solved by continuing to deepen reform.
In the next step, we will continue to resolutely implement the refined oil price formation mechanism approved by the State Council, and contribute to maintaining the sustained and healthy development of the national economy and continuously improving the people's living standards. At the same time, we must fully consider the affordability of all aspects of society, and timely adjust and moderately control the price of refined oil.
I. Actively promote water price reform In recent years, in accordance with the unified arrangements of the central government, local governments have actively promoted water price reforms, continuously improved the water price formation mechanism, and achieved remarkable results. The sewage treatment fee and water resource fee collection system has been generally established. The non-resident water supply quota system has been fully implemented. The residential water price-based water price system has been gradually implemented, and the water price system reflecting the water scarcity, water treatment and sewage treatment costs in China has basically taken shape. It has played a positive role in promoting the rational allocation of water resources, improving water efficiency and water pollution prevention, and ensuring the healthy development of the water supply and sewage treatment industries. However, it should also be noted that the current urban water supply price, sewage treatment fee, water resource fee, etc. still have problems such as low levy standards and narrow levy scope, which is not conducive to promoting the economical use of resources.
Since the beginning of this year, cities such as Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Lanzhou and Yinchuan have adjusted their water prices. Cities such as Shenyang and Xining have held hearings to adjust water prices. From the actual situation in various places, the reasons for price adjustment are different: some are to solve the problem of low sewage treatment fees, some are to alleviate the losses of production and operation of water supply enterprises, and some are to raise funds for water conservancy projects such as South-to-North Water Transfer. These measures are in line with the direction of reform and are conducive to promoting the conservation of resources and environmental protection. As of the end of 2008, the average terminal water price (including tap water price, sewage treatment fee, water resource fee, etc.) of domestic and industrial water consumption of 36 large and medium-sized cities was 2.35 yuan and 3.19 yuan per ton, respectively, an increase of 12.4% over 2005. And 17.2%. Among them, the actual collection standard for residential domestic water and industrial water sewage treatment fees is 0.70 yuan and 1.00 yuan per ton, respectively, which is 29.6% and 38.9% higher than that in 2005, and the adjustment rate of sewage treatment fee standard obviously exceeds the terminal water price adjustment range.
In order to ensure the steady implementation of water price reform, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Urban Water Supply Price Management and Other Issues", clearly requiring that the current water price adjustment should be established to promote water conservation and rational allocation of water. Resources and water efficiency as the core water price formation mechanism, and promote the sustainable use of water resources, focusing on alleviating the problem of low sewage treatment fees. In the process of adjusting water prices, all localities should consider the development needs of the water supply and sewage treatment industry and the social affordability, rationally grasp the intensity and timing of water price adjustment, and prevent the centralized introduction of price adjustment projects; areas with large water price contradictions should be coordinated. , step by step. Strictly implement the cost supervision and auditing procedures and audit procedures, effectively strengthen the review of water supply pricing costs, and encourage water supply enterprises to strengthen internal management and strengthen self-restraint, curb unreasonable cost expenditures, and improve the transparency of water price decisions. At the same time, it will further simplify the classification of water prices and realize the same price of industrial and commercial water; actively implement the stepped water price system for residential water consumption, reduce the impact of water price adjustment on low-income families, and raise residents' awareness of water conservation. Do a good job in the protection of low-income families. According to the impact of water price adjustment, low-income families should adopt various methods such as raising the minimum living standard and increasing subsidies according to local conditions to ensure their basic living water and ensure their basic living standards are not reduced.
2. Continue to deepen electricity price reform The ultimate goal of electricity price reform is that electricity generation and electricity sales prices are formed by market competition, and transmission and distribution prices are set by the government. In accordance with this reform goal, in the first half of this year, we will actively promote price reforms in terms of on-grid tariffs and sales tariffs.
The first is to improve the renewable energy power generation price policy. In order to standardize wind power price management, the “Notice on Improving the On-grid Electricity Price Policy for Wind Power Generation†was issued. According to the status of wind energy resources and construction conditions, the whole country will be divided into four types of wind resource areas, and the on-grid tariffs for wind power benchmarks will be formulated accordingly. On the one hand, by pre-announcement of benchmarking price levels, investors will be provided with clear investment expectations, encourage the development of quality resources, limit the development of inferior resources, and promote the orderly development of wind power development; on the other hand, it will also encourage wind power enterprises to continue Reduce investment costs and operating costs, improve operational management efficiency, and promote the healthy development of the wind power industry.
The second is to promote direct transactions between power users and power generation companies. In March of this year, the 20% sales market was clearly released. For large industrial users who are in line with national industrial policies and whose power voltage level is above 110 kV, they are allowed to purchase electricity directly from power generation companies, and encourage both suppliers and buyers to negotiate pricing. In June, the State Administration of Electricity Regulatory and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Improving the Pilot Work on Direct Trading of Power Users and Power Generation Enterprises to further standardize and guide the pilot work of direct trading of power users and power generation enterprises. The introduction of these policies has further promoted the reform of electricity prices, which is conducive to the introduction of competition mechanisms, increase the choice of power users, and promote the formation of a reasonable electricity price mechanism.
The third is to clean up and rectify the preferential electricity price. For some provinces to introduce preferential tariffs for high-energy-consuming enterprises, it is not conducive to promoting the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of high-energy-consuming industries. After approval by the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Electricity Regulatory Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Issues Related to Preferential Electricity Prices, in the name of bilateral transactions of power generation and electricity companies, etc., to reduce the on-grid tariffs of power generation enterprises or the sales price of electricity-using enterprises, and to comprehensively clean up and promote preferential electricity price measures for high-energy-consuming enterprises. The national economy is developing healthily.
In the next step, we will continue to deepen the electricity price reform in accordance with the established reform direction. Guide local direct pilots of power users and power generation enterprises; research and develop benchmark grid-connected electricity prices for large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power plants, improve the price mechanism of biomass power generation; pay close attention to research and guide the method of issuing sales price classification structure, reduce cross-subsidy; further standardize energy trading Price management approach.
Third, conscientiously implement the refined oil price and tax reform program in accordance with the improved oil product price formation mechanism, the domestic refined oil price is indirectly linked with the international market crude oil price control, based on the international market crude oil price, plus domestic average processing Cost, taxation, liquidity costs and appropriate profits are determined. Since the beginning of this year, according to the changes in oil prices in the international market, the state has adjusted the price of refined oil products by rising and falling, including controlling the price of refined oil three times in a controlled manner, reducing the price of refined oil twice, and mobilizing the enthusiasm of refining enterprises to protect domestic finished products. The oil market supply has played a positive role.
China's oil resources are lacking. With the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, oil demand is growing rapidly, and domestic oil production is far from meeting the needs. According to statistics, in 2008, China's net import of oil was about 200 million tons, accounting for 51.3% of total oil consumption, and China's dependence on oil consumption is still increasing year by year. If we do not promote the reform of refined oil prices and rationalize the relationship between domestic oil prices, it will be difficult to effectively use international oil resources. It is difficult to ensure the demand for oil in economic and social development, which will inevitably affect the sustained, stable and healthy development of the national economy.
On the other hand, China's economic structure is irrational, the mode of economic growth is extensive, oil resources are consumed too much, and waste is prominent. Large-displacement vehicles have increased, traffic conditions have deteriorated, and the quality of the living environment of the people has continued to decline. Energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection are the basic national policies that should be adhered to for a long time in the process of China's economic development. Promoting the reform of refined oil prices, rationalizing the price of refined oil, is conducive to exerting price leverage, promoting oil resource conservation and environmental protection, facilitating the transformation of economic development mode and achieving sustainable economic and social development.
Some people always compare the price of oil in China with the United States. China's national conditions objectively require that refined oil products cannot be implemented as low-tax and low-price policies as the United States. If China's per capita oil consumption reaches the level of the United States, it is difficult for the world's oil to meet China's oil demand. Therefore, we need to use price and tax leverage to guide the rational consumption of oil as soon as possible, promote oil resource conservation and energy conservation and emission reduction through appropriate and reasonable prices, and ensure national energy security.
At the same time, we are also clearly aware that under the current operating system, the reform of refined oil prices will face many contradictions and problems, and relevant systems and methods need to be continuously improved. However, this is a contradiction and a problem in the reform. It can only be solved by continuing to deepen reform.
In the next step, we will continue to resolutely implement the refined oil price formation mechanism approved by the State Council, and contribute to maintaining the sustained and healthy development of the national economy and continuously improving the people's living standards. At the same time, we must fully consider the affordability of all aspects of society, and timely adjust and moderately control the price of refined oil.
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