Generally speaking, the water-soluble compound fertilizer formula is more reasonable, the nutrient is more yuan, and the crop is more targeted. However, the unreasonable use in production can also cause waste of fertilizer and even negative effects. Experts advise the reader on the rational application of water-soluble fertilizers.
(1) Select fertilizer according to irrigation facilities. One indicator for measuring the quality of water soluble fertilizers is called “water insoluble contentâ€. Generally, drip irrigation requires less than 0.2% water insoluble matter, less than 5% of microspray irrigation insoluble matter, and less than 15% insoluble water in sprinkler irrigation. Leaching requirements are relatively lower. Generally, the lower the water insoluble content, the more expensive the fertilizer.
(B) a small number of multiple applications. This is the most important fertilization principle for water-soluble fertilizers, which is consistent with the characteristics of uninterrupted absorption of nutrients by plant roots, reducing the leaching loss caused by one-time large-scale fertilization. A small amount of multiple application is the most important reason for the high utilization rate of water-soluble fertilizer. Generally, the amount per acre is 3-6 kg.
(3) Pay attention to nutrient balance. Water soluble fertilizers are usually applied, drenched or applied by irrigation equipment. Especially under drip fertigation conditions, the roots grow densely and in large quantities. At this time, the dependence on soil nutrient supply is reduced, and more depends on the nutrients provided by drip irrigation. There is a higher requirement for a reasonable proportion and concentration of nutrients. If the formula is not balanced, it will affect crop growth. Especially on sandy soils, there are serious consequences.
(4) Safe application. Preventing the burning of leaves and roots of fertilizers, especially sprinkler irrigation and micro-sprinkler fertilization, is prone to leaf burning. Usually, the EC value of the fertilizer solution is controlled at 1-3 mS/cm, or 1-3 kg per water, which is equivalent to 350-1000 times dilution; or spray water once after spraying the fertilizer. It is also necessary to prevent excessive concentration of burned roots when pouring. The safest method of production is to use a small amount of fertilizer to test and find that the concentration is reduced when there is damage to the blade. It is a viable option to buy a hand-held conductivity meter for some large growers to monitor the fertilizer concentration, especially for areas with high water source salinity.
(5) Precautions for drip fertigation. First of all, when drip fertigation, first drop the water, and then start fertilizing after the pipe is filled with water. Immediately after the end of fertilization, the water is dripped for 20-30 minutes, and all the residual fertilizer liquid in the pipeline is discharged (it can be monitored by a conductivity meter to completely discharge). If you do not wash the tube, you may grow lower plants or microorganisms such as moss and algae at the dripper to block the dripper. Secondly, long-term use of drip irrigation in greenhouses or greenhouses will cause accumulation of surface salt and affect root growth. Under-film drip irrigation can be used to inhibit salt migration to the surface layer. For high temperature areas, a double-sided film (black for the bottom and silver-gray for the top) can be used. Generally, a small hole is opened at a certain distance from the membrane to dissipate heat. Again, pay attention to the uniformity of fertilization. In principle, the slower fertilization is better, especially for elements with poor mobility in soil (such as phosphorus), and prolonging the fertilization time can greatly improve the utilization of difficult-to-move nutrients. In the dry season, drip fertigation is recommended, and the recommended time for fertilization is 2-3 hours. In the case that the soil is not deficient in water, the faster the better, on the premise of ensuring uniformity.
(6) Avoid excessive irrigation. Generally, the depth of the root layer can be kept moist. The depth of the root layer varies greatly depending on the crop. The soil can be excavated at any time to understand the specific depth of the root layer. Excessive irrigation not only wastes water, but also seriously drains nutrients below the root layer, wastes fertilizer, and reduces crop yield. In particular, urea and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers (such as potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, nitrophosphate, and water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrate nitrogen) are easily lost with water. Many users ignore this and cause a lot of fertilizer loss. Especially when drip irrigation is carried out on larger plants, it is always considered that the water is not enough, and the irrigation time is deliberately extended.
(7) Irrigation water quality. Understand the hardness and pH of the irrigation water to avoid precipitation and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Especially for saline-alkaline soil areas, calcium phosphate precipitation is very common and is one of the reasons for blocking the dripper. At the same time, phosphate precipitation is also one of the important reasons for reducing the effect of phosphate fertilizer.
(8) Co-administration with other fertilizers. Usually water-soluble fertilizers are only used for top dressing. When recommending fertilization, the base fertilizer should be combined with topdressing, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer should be combined, and water soluble fertilizer combined with conventional fertilizer. Do not emphasize the use of water soluble fertilizer instead of other fertilizers, to use together, reduce costs, and take advantage of various fertilizers.
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