For any kind of product sales, the seller must consider the value this product brings to the buyer. Products can be categorized into two major categories from which to buy: personal consumer goods and organized consumer goods. The value that personal consumption goods bring to each individual and family is that everyone has a personal feeling, and organizing consumer goods is much more complicated. There are many types of organizations. We analyze the purchase and consumption behaviors of manufacturing and manufacturing companies. In order to maintain and ensure the operation of enterprises, the products that they must purchase can also be divided into two categories: One is directly related to its production and manufacturing. , such as machinery and equipment, raw materials, fuels, etc.; there is a category that is not directly related to its production and manufacturing, such as office pen and paper, printer copiers and many other items. The former brings economic benefits directly to the company, and the latter's economic benefits are very indirect. In many people's minds, personal protective equipment is often categorized into the latter category. Personal protective equipment companies and businesses understand that their products are very important to the health and safety protection of companies and employees who are the target of sales, but they often do not think that there is a relationship between their products and the economic benefits of their counterparts. In fact, although the relationship between protective products and the economic benefits of enterprises is not as direct as that of raw materials, manufacturing equipment, etc., the role, function, and even value of protective products are strongly reflected in the economic results of enterprises.
Here are some examples to illustrate the huge difference in economic efficiency between safe production and unsafe production: The benefits generated by safety production are less accidental, production is not interrupted, and the company's benefits are good; the management resources of the company can be concentrated in the normal business In operation, the company strives to create benefits. Production safety has a positive effect on the goodwill of the company. Goodwill can be transformed into corporate benefits. Workers' psychological boost is easy and productivity is high. Safe working conditions are attractive to employees, to a certain extent. It can reduce the remuneration paid to workers; safe working conditions can retain workers, thus reducing the losses and expenses of staff turnover and re-employment; health management and environmental optimization are themselves benefits. Loss caused by unsafe production. The occurrence of accidents leads to interruption of production operations and affects the efficiency of the company. After the accident, the normal management resources of the company must be transferred to investigations, reports, compensations, etc., wasting management resources. The occurrence of accidents affects the goodwill of the company, and thus Affecting business efficiency; Simultaneous accidents can cause workers' psychological burdens and reduce productivity levels. Dangerous working conditions make it necessary for companies to use higher pay conditions to hire workers. Dangerous working conditions lead to loss of staff, increased staff turnover and renewed Employment losses and expenses; What are the economic incentives for a country or a company to invest in security? Industrial safety economics believes that work-related injury is an unpleasant by-product of the production of goods and services.
In this sense, they are similar to environmental pollution. Reducing pollution and reducing work-related injuries are costly, but if workers are equipped with modern machinery and ancillary equipment, accidents or their severity will be reduced. If installing a good ventilation system can reduce the incidence of lung disease, more sick leave allowances will reduce accidents caused by fatigue or illness. It seems that companies have an economic incentive to improve safety in the workplace, because the reduction in the degree of danger in the workplace will reduce production costs.
Firms can at least reduce labor costs from the following two aspects:
1. The turnover rate of employees will be reduced because the number of people needed to replace jobs that are not workable is reduced. No matter when the company hires workers, it will require considerable expenditure.
2. Enterprises that provide relatively safe working conditions can attract employees at a relatively low wage rate because, generally speaking, jobs with higher risk and worse environmental conditions require higher wages or require subsidies. Workers with good security conditions are relatively willing to accept lower wage levels.
For enterprises that do not participate in work-related injury insurance and medical insurance, the costs are borne by the company, including: 1. Expenses incurred by personal injury, ie medical care, subsidies, funeral and rest pay; Dealing with accidents, transaction costs, on-site rescue costs, clean-up site costs, accident fines, compensation costs; 3, the value of property damage, including the value of fixed assets loss and the value of current assets losses; 4, the value of stop production loss; 5, the value of work losses 6, the value of the resource loss; 7, deal with environmental pollution costs, including sewage charges, management fees, compensation fees; 8, to supplement the new worker training fees. The total amount of these costs and losses varies from one company to another. The most obvious difference depends on the hazardous conditions of various industrial sectors or industries and the degree of implementation of various appropriate safety measures.
The above content is elaborated from the perspective of the overall security situation and the post-accident incident. Protective equipment, as an indispensable department in the security system and as the last line of defense in the face of critical accidents, plays an indispensable role in the entire security-accident-economic system of contact. Naturally, it is equipped and used well.
China Labor Insurance Network
A ball check valve is a check valve in which the closing member, the movable part to block the flow, is a spherical ball. In some ball check Valves, the ball is spring-loaded to help keep it shut. For those designs without a spring, reverse flow is required to move the ball toward the seat and create a seal. The interior surface of the main seats of ball check valves are more or less conically-tapered to guide the ball into the seat and form a positive seal when stopping reverse flow.
Ball check valves are often very small, simple, and cheap. They are commonly used in liquid or gel minipump dispenser spigots, spray devices, some rubber bulbs for pumping air, etc., manual air pumps and some other pumps, and refillable dispensing syringes. Although the balls are most often made of metal, they can be made of other materials, or in some specialized cases out of artificial ruby. High pressure HPLC pumps and similar applications commonly use small inlet and outlet ball check valves with both balls and seats made of artificial ruby, for both hardness and chemical resistance. After prolonged use, such check valves can eventually wear out or the seat can develop a crack, requiring replacement. Therefore, such valves are made to be replaceable, sometimes placed in a small plastic body tightly-fitted inside a metal fitting which can withstand high pressure and which is screwed into the pump head.
There are similar check valves where the disc is not a ball, but some other shape, such as a poppet energized by a spring. Ball check valves should not be confused with Ball Valves, which is a different type of valve in which a ball acts as a controllable rotor to stop or direct flow.
A diaphragm check valve uses a flexing rubber diaphragm positioned to create a normally-closed valve. Pressure on the upstream side must be greater than the pressure on the downstream side by a certain amount, known as the pressure differential, for the check valve to open allowing flow. Once positive pressure stops, the diaphragm automatically flexes back to its original closed position.
A swing check valve or tilting disc check valve is check valve in which the disc, the movable part to block the flow, swings on a hinge or trunnion, either onto the seat to block reverse flow or off the seat to allow forward flow. The seat opening cross-section may be perpendicular to the centerline between the two ports or at an angle. Although swing check valves can come in various sizes, large check valves are often swing check valves. The flapper valve in a flush-toilet mechanism is an example of this type of valve. Tank pressure holding it closed is overcome by manual lift of the flapper. It then remains open until the tank Drains and the flapper falls due to gravity. Another variation of this mechanism is the clapper valve, used in applications such firefighting and fire life safety systems. A hinged gate only remains open in the inflowing direction. The clapper valve often also has a spring that keeps the gate shut when there is no forward pressure. Another example is the backwater valve (for sanitary drainage system) that protects against flooding caused by return flow of sewage waters. Such risk occurs most often in sanitary drainage systems connected to combined sewerage systems and in rainwater drainage systems. It may be caused by intense rainfall, thaw or flood.
A stop-check valve is a check valve with override control to stop flow regardless of flow direction or pressure. In addition to closing in response to backflow or insufficient forward pressure (normal check-valve behavior), it can also be deliberately shut by an external mechanism, thereby preventing any flow regardless of forward pressure.
A lift-check valve is a check valve in which the disc, sometimes called a lift, can be lifted up off its seat by higher pressure of inlet or upstream fluid to allow flow to the outlet or downstream side. A guide keeps motion of the disc on a vertical line, so the valve can later reseat properly. When the pressure is no longer higher, gravity or higher downstream pressure will cause the disc to lower onto its seat, shutting the valve to stop reverse flow.
An in-line check valve is a check valve similar to the lift check valve. However, this valve generally has a spring that will 'lift' when there is pressure on the upstream side of the valve. The pressure needed on the upstream side of the valve to overcome the spring tension is called the 'cracking pressure'. When the pressure going through the valve goes below the cracking pressure, the spring will close the valve to prevent back-flow in the process.
A duckbill valve is a check valve in which flow proceeds through a soft tube that protrudes into the downstream side. Back-pressure collapses this tube, cutting off flow.
A pneumatic non-return valve.
Multiple check valves can be connected in series. For example, a double check valve is often used as a backflow prevention device to keep potentially contaminated water from siphoning back into municipal water supply lines. There are also double ball check valves in which there are two ball/seat combinations sequentially in the same body to ensure positive leak-tight shutoff when blocking reverse flow; and piston check valves, wafer check valves, and ball-and-cone check valves.
Check Valves, Water Check Valves, Brass Check Valves, Sanitary Check Valves
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