When installing the optical transceiver , protect the site in a timely manner and protect it from moisture, water, and dust. At the same time, pay attention to the actual operation on the site. Use proper optical fibers. Do not use faulty optical fibers. If they do not match, the optical transmission quality will be seriously affected. When it comes to fiber optic cable splices, it should also be noted that the optical attenuation or loss of the measurement cable is within the effective range.
First, the light end machine lightning protection
Optical transmitters, especially those used as front-end equipment, are usually installed in outdoor equipment boxes. The on-site environment is rather harsh, and lightning protection is extremely important. The pros and cons of lightning protection directly determine the probability of failure of optical transceivers. The lightning destruction modes are mainly divided into three forms: direct lightning strike, inductive lightning, and ground potential counterattack. The most influential optical transmitter is ground potential counterattack.
The so-called ground potential counterattack is when lightning receptors and other lightning receptors will directly strike thunder and powerful lightning currents through the down conductor and the grounding body leaks into the earth. When the down conductor, the grounding body and the metal object connected to it will generate a very high moment Voltage, this high voltage will produce a huge potential difference between electronic objects such as metal objects and cables that are close to them but not in direct contact. The electric shock caused by this potential difference is the ground potential counterattack. Ground potential counterattack is caused by the following forms of damage to the optical transceiver: When the lightning current leaks into the earth, the ground potential of the grounding network will be raised to tens or hundreds of thousands of volts within a few microseconds. Highly damaging lightning currents will flow from the grounded parts of various devices to these devices, or through the ground insulation to flow to other nearby equipment, eventually causing damage or damage to the equipment. Some of the main damages are: PCB board of chassis power supply On the electronic components, video interface chip and its related electronic components, audio and data port chip.
Although the forms of destruction of lightning are various, it is still possible to reduce the chance of faults in optical transceivers by adopting scientific protective measures. First of all, ensuring that the grounding device works well is a prerequisite for lightning protection because all the induced currents are eventually discharged into the earth. In general, the smaller the grounding resistance is, the better the leakage effect is. Generally, it is better to control the grounding resistance within 4 ohms. You can use the grounding clamp to measure the grounding resistance. For some areas where the soil resistivity is high, it may be considered to add a resistance-reducing agent to the soil to reduce the grounding resistance. Secondly, front-end equipment must be equipped with a surge protector. When the voltage is normal, the surge protector is in a high-impedance state, with only a small leakage current, and the power loss is very small. When overvoltage occurs in the line, the surge protector is In the low-resistance state, overvoltage flows through the surge protector into the ground in the form of a discharge current, and the overvoltage is suppressed. After the surge voltage is over, the surge protector is in a high-impedance insulation state when the line voltage returns to normal. The protector must have a good grounding device to match it. The front camera's video signal output port and the transmitter's video input port are connected with a surge protector. If the transmitter is connected with some other data lines, it is necessary to install data lightning protection devices at the beginning and end of the control signal line. In addition, lightning protection devices such as power surge protectors are also applied to the power input terminals of cameras and optical transceivers. When installing the lightning protection device, make sure that the lightning protection device is close to the access port. If the lightning protection device is too far from the video port and the data port, the lightning protection effect cannot be achieved.
After adding lightning protection equipment, all that remains is the design of the grounding grid. Grounding piles must be put in place to ensure that the optical transceiver is well grounded. A good low impedance grounding network design can ensure the lightning protection equipment in the system to play a good effect and can effectively balance the voltage across the entire transmission system to prevent the ground potential difference in the line. Equipment interference, but also can effectively prevent the ground potential counterattack damage to the equipment.
Second, the optical transmitter debugging
After doing the above points, it is necessary to start normal debugging, mainly for the debugging of optical fibers and data channels. Because there are many optional types of optical transceiver data, depending on the actual needs of the site, the type of optical transceiver used in the field is not the same. When debugging, it is necessary to refer to the corresponding manual, according to the data dialing and interface definition on the manual. Data wiring.
Due to the complex installation environment of the optical transceivers, some users usually suspect that the products are faulty. In fact, the technology of the optical transceivers is very mature. After the products are shipped out of the factory, they have undergone repeated testing and copying, so the product itself is less likely to have problems. Therefore, when there are problems in the field, the first thing to consider is the installation problem, which can be investigated from the following aspects:
The optical fiber itself has not been tested, the optical path is not stable or the light attenuation is too large, etc.;
• The front-end equipment is faulty, such as the camera has no video or no power;
• Back-end device failures, such as no video on the monitor, incorrect keyboard control protocol, and inability to control itself;
• The connection line is faulty, such as the welding of the video head is not good, the control line is connected incorrectly, or the connection line is connected wrongly or reversed.
The above phenomenon is especially the most likely to occur when a circuit fault occurs. When a problem is encountered, it needs to be carefully checked. When troubleshooting, you can use the elimination method to eliminate one device and one device, and finally determine the key to the problem. When judging whether there is a problem with the optical transceiver, it is recommended that the user put the transmitter and receiver together for close-range testing. If the connection fails, the optical transceiver itself is faulty, and it is necessary to contact the manufacturer for replacement. In order to reduce the problem, the user should test the optical transceiver at a short distance before installation, so that it can quickly pass through the installation and debugging, saving time.
Third, the daily maintenance of optical transceiver
In normal condition, the working environment of the optical transceiver is rather poor, and the optical fiber head must be kept clean during use. The optical transceiver is very sensitive to dust. Because the optical transceiver may be blocked during transportation or after the customer uses it for a period of time, it may affect the normal transmission of video and data. In this case, industrial use can be used. Water-alcohol and dust-free paper clean the fiber heads to avoid sticking dust.
The fiber jumper inside the optical transceiver and the external optical fiber are connected through an adapter. Usually the adapter is a ceramic die. Pay special attention when inserting or pulling the optical fiber head. Do not use force to prevent the ceramic sleeve from being cracked or crushed. Optical transceivers cannot transmit signals normally.
First, the light end machine lightning protection
Optical transmitters, especially those used as front-end equipment, are usually installed in outdoor equipment boxes. The on-site environment is rather harsh, and lightning protection is extremely important. The pros and cons of lightning protection directly determine the probability of failure of optical transceivers. The lightning destruction modes are mainly divided into three forms: direct lightning strike, inductive lightning, and ground potential counterattack. The most influential optical transmitter is ground potential counterattack.
The so-called ground potential counterattack is when lightning receptors and other lightning receptors will directly strike thunder and powerful lightning currents through the down conductor and the grounding body leaks into the earth. When the down conductor, the grounding body and the metal object connected to it will generate a very high moment Voltage, this high voltage will produce a huge potential difference between electronic objects such as metal objects and cables that are close to them but not in direct contact. The electric shock caused by this potential difference is the ground potential counterattack. Ground potential counterattack is caused by the following forms of damage to the optical transceiver: When the lightning current leaks into the earth, the ground potential of the grounding network will be raised to tens or hundreds of thousands of volts within a few microseconds. Highly damaging lightning currents will flow from the grounded parts of various devices to these devices, or through the ground insulation to flow to other nearby equipment, eventually causing damage or damage to the equipment. Some of the main damages are: PCB board of chassis power supply On the electronic components, video interface chip and its related electronic components, audio and data port chip.
Although the forms of destruction of lightning are various, it is still possible to reduce the chance of faults in optical transceivers by adopting scientific protective measures. First of all, ensuring that the grounding device works well is a prerequisite for lightning protection because all the induced currents are eventually discharged into the earth. In general, the smaller the grounding resistance is, the better the leakage effect is. Generally, it is better to control the grounding resistance within 4 ohms. You can use the grounding clamp to measure the grounding resistance. For some areas where the soil resistivity is high, it may be considered to add a resistance-reducing agent to the soil to reduce the grounding resistance. Secondly, front-end equipment must be equipped with a surge protector. When the voltage is normal, the surge protector is in a high-impedance state, with only a small leakage current, and the power loss is very small. When overvoltage occurs in the line, the surge protector is In the low-resistance state, overvoltage flows through the surge protector into the ground in the form of a discharge current, and the overvoltage is suppressed. After the surge voltage is over, the surge protector is in a high-impedance insulation state when the line voltage returns to normal. The protector must have a good grounding device to match it. The front camera's video signal output port and the transmitter's video input port are connected with a surge protector. If the transmitter is connected with some other data lines, it is necessary to install data lightning protection devices at the beginning and end of the control signal line. In addition, lightning protection devices such as power surge protectors are also applied to the power input terminals of cameras and optical transceivers. When installing the lightning protection device, make sure that the lightning protection device is close to the access port. If the lightning protection device is too far from the video port and the data port, the lightning protection effect cannot be achieved.
After adding lightning protection equipment, all that remains is the design of the grounding grid. Grounding piles must be put in place to ensure that the optical transceiver is well grounded. A good low impedance grounding network design can ensure the lightning protection equipment in the system to play a good effect and can effectively balance the voltage across the entire transmission system to prevent the ground potential difference in the line. Equipment interference, but also can effectively prevent the ground potential counterattack damage to the equipment.
Second, the optical transmitter debugging
After doing the above points, it is necessary to start normal debugging, mainly for the debugging of optical fibers and data channels. Because there are many optional types of optical transceiver data, depending on the actual needs of the site, the type of optical transceiver used in the field is not the same. When debugging, it is necessary to refer to the corresponding manual, according to the data dialing and interface definition on the manual. Data wiring.
Due to the complex installation environment of the optical transceivers, some users usually suspect that the products are faulty. In fact, the technology of the optical transceivers is very mature. After the products are shipped out of the factory, they have undergone repeated testing and copying, so the product itself is less likely to have problems. Therefore, when there are problems in the field, the first thing to consider is the installation problem, which can be investigated from the following aspects:
The optical fiber itself has not been tested, the optical path is not stable or the light attenuation is too large, etc.;
• The front-end equipment is faulty, such as the camera has no video or no power;
• Back-end device failures, such as no video on the monitor, incorrect keyboard control protocol, and inability to control itself;
• The connection line is faulty, such as the welding of the video head is not good, the control line is connected incorrectly, or the connection line is connected wrongly or reversed.
The above phenomenon is especially the most likely to occur when a circuit fault occurs. When a problem is encountered, it needs to be carefully checked. When troubleshooting, you can use the elimination method to eliminate one device and one device, and finally determine the key to the problem. When judging whether there is a problem with the optical transceiver, it is recommended that the user put the transmitter and receiver together for close-range testing. If the connection fails, the optical transceiver itself is faulty, and it is necessary to contact the manufacturer for replacement. In order to reduce the problem, the user should test the optical transceiver at a short distance before installation, so that it can quickly pass through the installation and debugging, saving time.
Third, the daily maintenance of optical transceiver
In normal condition, the working environment of the optical transceiver is rather poor, and the optical fiber head must be kept clean during use. The optical transceiver is very sensitive to dust. Because the optical transceiver may be blocked during transportation or after the customer uses it for a period of time, it may affect the normal transmission of video and data. In this case, industrial use can be used. Water-alcohol and dust-free paper clean the fiber heads to avoid sticking dust.
The fiber jumper inside the optical transceiver and the external optical fiber are connected through an adapter. Usually the adapter is a ceramic die. Pay special attention when inserting or pulling the optical fiber head. Do not use force to prevent the ceramic sleeve from being cracked or crushed. Optical transceivers cannot transmit signals normally.
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