At present, the global energy density of lithium-ion batteries is increasing at a rate of about 8% per year. If the growth rate is continued at this rate, they will approach the energy density of gasoline in about 10 years. In the development of battery technology, there is another battery that can rival gasoline. That is the aluminum-air battery and it is lighter and cheaper than the lithium-ion battery. The biggest factor affecting its development is that it will corrode.
A new research team recently claimed to have found a solution. According to their research paper published in "Science", ordinary lithium-ion batteries are left for one month, then they will lose 5% of the power, and aluminum-air batteries will be put on for one month due to the corrosion of aluminum. Will lose 80%. The researcher solved the problem of direct corrosion of aluminum and electrolyte, causing the aluminum-air battery to lose only 0.02% of electricity in one month.
â–² Working principle of ordinary lithium ion battery
It is understood that ordinary lithium-ion batteries contain a liquid electrolyte, which is located between the anode and the cathode. When the ions run from the anode to the cathode, it generates energy by collecting the released electrons. In aluminum-air batteries, the anode is aluminum and the cathode is air. Because the battery can get air from the surrounding environment, and aluminum has rich reserves, light weight and low price, so this battery is likely to become a brand new battery technology in the future.
But before that, when aluminum and electrolyte are mixed together, the latter will begin to corrode the former. If non-corrosive electrolyte is used, the performance of the battery will be greatly reduced. Once the battery enters the standby state again, the electrolyte cannot be extracted because aluminum is hydrophilic. In this regard, the researchers proposed a solution for washing the electrolyte with oil.
The researchers set a thin film between the anode and cathode of the battery. When the battery is used, both sides are filled with electrolyte. Once the battery is stopped, the side closest to the aluminum will be washed away by oil. At this time, the oil It plays a role in protecting aluminum. When the battery needs to be used again, the electrolyte will replace the oil. Since aluminum repels oil in water, no oil will remain in the water at this time.
In order to test the energy loss of the battery under real conditions, the researchers first used a small amount of electricity, then let it stand still for a day or two, and then repeated the above steps. In order to simulate the driving state of electric vehicles in the city. In the end, the battery they developed lasted for 24 days, 8 times more than the traditional aluminum-air battery.
Does this mean that aluminum-air batteries will replace lithium batteries in the next few years?
The answer is no. Because there are still some complicated problems to be solved for charging the battery, the previous generations may not be able to charge or only charge a few times.
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