According to the Japan Times report on May 27, 2014, JAXA has conducted a number of studies on the idea of ​​building large-scale solar sails for use in power generation in space.
The basic idea of ​​the space-based solar energy system (SSPS) is to build a large-scale solar power station in the geostationary orbit to collect sunlight, convert the solar energy into electrical energy, and then transmit the capability to the ground antenna through microwaves or laser beams. SSPS is not affected by the weather, and its power generation capacity is 5-10 times that of ground-based solar power plants. A 2.5-kilometer X2.3-kilometer SSPS can have a power of 1 billion watts, almost the same as a nuclear power plant.
Japan is currently focusing on the technologies needed to build large structures in space and focuses on the way to transmit energy to the Earth through microwaves or laser beams. JAXA is also developing a system for folding solar sails into rockets and then deploying them in space.
JAXA originally hoped to conduct space-based demonstration verification tests in 2017 and begin commercial applications in 2030. However, this plan is increasingly impractical and JAXA plans to announce a new timetable in the coming years.
A huge problem is the cost. JAXA initially estimated that the total cost of constructing SSPS was 1 trillion yen (US$9.83 billion). However, the money is far from enough.
The 2.5-kilometer X2.3-km SSPS windsurfing and microwave generators that JAXA is studying will make the ISS 750 times and will weigh 26,600 tons. This requires multiple space transportation. Japan’s current H-2A launch vehicle has a static orbit carrying capacity of 5-6 tons, and each launch costs 10 billion yen. In addition, there is a need to fully study the safety of microwave transmission and its impact on the environment and human health.
If Japan uses a laser beam to transmit solar energy, the SSPS can be smaller, but the laser beam cannot penetrate the clouds. (China Academy of Aerospace Science and Engineering Hou Dan)
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