Field failure troubleshooting tips <br> <br> electrician maintenance electrician's responsibility is to ensure the normal operation of all kinds of various types of motors and electrical control systems and production and living lighting system for the production of mechanical motion. As a maintenance electrician, in addition to reasonable installation, good debugging and routine maintenance and inspection of equipment and lines during work, how to quickly find out the cause of the malfunction and correctly handle the malfunction in the event of a malfunction is to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. The important guarantee of operation. Troubleshooting skills are very important to the maintenance of electricians. The importance of common sense is reflected in the following aspects:
1, the equipment can not run due to failure, sometimes causing great economic losses, will affect the efficiency of the company's labor, so the maintenance of electrical fault troubleshooting skills are very demanding.
2. For electrical faults that involve a wide range of randomness and high randomness, troubleshooting skills are a major feature of maintenance electrician occupations (work types), and they also impose higher requirements on the skills of maintenance electricians to eliminate faults.
3, In addition, whether it is from the professional standards or skills assessment, although the assessment of troubleshooting has a certain degree of accidental, but because it reflects the maintenance of a certain comprehensive skills of electricians, reflecting the characteristics of the occupation (work), it is still Continued assessment of the project. And often set the items that are lined up as "negative." That is, if this assessment is not qualified, the entire assessment will be considered unqualified.
In the actual work, electrical faults occur in a wide range, involving every part of the electrical system, and the failures that occur are ever-changing and random. The method of queuing faults can only be determined according to the specific conditions of the fault, there is no strict fixed mode, which is confusing to some maintenance personnel, and often takes a lot of detours in the process of troubleshooting, and even causes great losses, especially For beginners, I don't know where to start.
As a maintenance electrician, in the event of a fault, the cause of the fault can be quickly identified and the fault point can be dealt with in a reasonable and correct manner. This has a major role in improving labor productivity, reducing economic losses and safety in production. As a technician, in addition to its own high knowledge and skills, it should also have the ability to train and supervise senior workers and the following levels of maintenance personnel. The following discussion will be held with your peers in order to learn from each other, promote and improve with the common problems in their electrical control systems and production and living lighting systems.
First, the basic troubleshooting <br> <br> thoroughly troubleshoot, must be clear why the failure occurred, to quickly identify the cause of the failure, in addition to continue to accumulate experience in the work, but more importantly from a theoretical analysis, Explain the cause of the failure, that is, "know, understand why," and use theory to guide their own operations, flexible use of various methods of queuing failure.
1, there is a certain degree of professional theoretical knowledge. Many electrical phenomena must lead professional theoretical knowledge to truly understand and make sense. Compared with other types of work, maintenance electricians are more theoretical, and sometimes there is no theoretical guidance and much work cannot be done at all. In actual work, the time spent on brains is often longer than hands-on time. Once the fault point is found, repair is relatively simple. It is necessary to review some of the basic concepts related to the “principle of self-control†and the working principles of the system so as to achieve a better understanding and mastery. For example, when an incandescent lamp is inserted in series with a diode to significantly extend the life of the lamp, the concept of the relationship between the temperature change and the resistance value is used. Without a certain amount of professional knowledge, it is impossible to truly understand and grasp certain issues.
2. Understand the form of movement of the equipment, make demands on electrical equipment, understand and master the electrical working principle of the equipment, master the electrical working principle, and compare the electrical control features of the equipment, which is a very important basis for troubleshooting. Familiar with mastering the main contents of equipment compound control system and electrical control technology, and understanding its typicality, comprehensiveness and complexity. Really master the system troubleshooting skills of typical equipment. When you encounter other equipment, you can infer others by analogy. When the system fails, it often involves a relatively large range. If you do not master the electrical working principle of the equipment, you can't better eliminate the fault, or even eliminate the fault.
3, understand the location of the electrical components in the device and the layout of the circuit, to achieve the one-to-one correspondence between electrical schematics and actual wiring, is to improve the speed of troubleshooting based. To do this, you can have a better understanding of the equipment, and in the troubleshooting process, you can select an effective test point to prevent misjudgment, in order to quickly determine, narrow the scope of the fault.
Second, the general approach to troubleshooting <br> <br> have a theoretical basis, grasp the principle of the device for troubleshooting are well prepared to effectively analyze and identify the failure point operations, also Need to have a certain means, this is the general method of troubleshooting.
1. Resistance method: usually refers to the use of a multimeter's electrical barrier, a way to measure whether the line, contacts, etc. are switched off, sometimes with a multimeter or bridge measuring coil resistance is consistent with the nominal value, but also with megohm The meter measures the insulation resistance between phase and phase, phase and ground. When measuring, it is necessary to pay attention to selecting the range (usually measuring the channel, select the lower gear); to be more than the table; pay attention to other circuits, so as not to cause misjudgment; more attention should be paid to the measurement of live, this is a common method .
2, voltage method: refers to the use of a multimeter corresponding to the voltage block, the method of measuring the voltage value in the circuit, usually measured, sometimes measured voltage, load voltage (ie, between the two table pen has been dietary load, and sometimes measured open circuit voltage to determine Whether the line is normal or not, pay attention to the gear position of the watch when measuring, select the appropriate range, and pay attention to the positive and negative polarity when measuring the direct current, which is also a more common method.
3, current method: that is, by measuring the current in the line is consistent with the normal value, to determine the cause of the fault. Weak current loop, often using a current meter or multimeter to connect the current block in the circuit for measurement, strong electric circuit, often using a clamp ammeter to detect.
4. Replacement method: When you suspect that a device is faulty, but it cannot be determined, and there are substitute parts, you can replace the test to see if the fault is restored.
5, short-circuit method: suitable for low-voltage, low-current loop, the point of moderate emotion with thick wire shorted to test the method. However, it must be determined that short-circuiting and short-circuiting will not cause any harm in the event of a short-circuit. Short live connection is forbidden. It is not suitable for beginners.
6, direct inspection method: in the understanding of the cause of the fault or the failure rate according to experience often higher probability, and then there are some special faults, you can directly check the suspected point of failure.
7. Instrument testing method: Measure various parameters with various instruments and meters, such as observing the waveform changes with an oscilloscope in order to analyze the cause of the failure. Mostly used in weak lines.
8. Step-by-step elimination method: If there is a short-circuit phenomenon, some lines can be gradually removed to determine the fault scope and fault point.
9, adjust the parameter method: Some components in the line without damage, line wiring is good, just because some physical quantities (such as time, displacement, current, resistance value, temperature feedback signal strength, etc.) adjustment is inappropriate, and the system can not Normal work, at this time should be adjusted according to the actual conditions of the electrical work and equipment.
10. Comparing, analyzing and judging method: It is based on the working principle of the system, the action procedures of the control link and the logic relationship between them, combining the fault phenomena, making comparisons, analysis and judgments, reducing measurement, inspection and other links, and quickly judging Failure range. For example, if several lines are shared by one power source, as long as one line works normally, it means that the other line's power source is normal. In the two control lines, one place has normal control, indicating that the power source, load, and public line must have no problem. Judging through analysis and comparison can reduce the detection process, reduce the scope of faults, and increase the speed of troubleshooting. The direct decision applicable to the fault or fault point of part of the line should also be carried through throughout the entire troubleshooting process.
The above-mentioned several commonly used methods can be used alone, or they can be mixed and used in combination with specific situations.
Third, troubleshooting General troubleshooting steps <br> <br> although there is no fixed pattern, but in general, there are certain laws.
1, morality should fully understand the failure of the situation. (1) Ask the operator in detail; (2) Whether or not special phenomena such as cracks, squeaks, odors, overheating, etc. are discovered through watching, listening, smelling, touching, etc.; (3) Power testing is performed without any danger. Through the above understanding, accurately determine the fault. This is the basis for analyzing faults. If the fault phenomenon is not clear, it will cause the deviation of fault analysis.
2. Analyze the fault and determine the fault scope. According to the phenomenon of failure, combined with the principle and control characteristics of the equipment for analysis, to determine the scope of the fault occurred, electrical or mechanical failure? Is it a DC circuit or an AC circuit? Is it the main circuit or the control circuit? Or auxiliary circuit? Is it a power supply or a load? Is it part of the control line? Or is it caused by improper parameter adjustment? Or is it possible? and many more.
3, through the detection, analysis and judgment to narrow the fault. The process of troubleshooting is often the process of analyzing, testing, and judging and gradually narrowing down the scope of faults. Flexible use of the above-mentioned "general method of troubleshooting," gradually narrow the scope of the fault until finding the point of failure.
In the process of exclusion, we must follow the following principles: 1. Firstly, first and later. From the determination of the phenomenon of failure, to analysis, testing and judgment, we must keep a clear head. "Strategic design, winning a thousand miles," the correct analysis, can play a multiplier effect. Do not take the fault, pick up the watch and test it, and pick it up. To develop good habits, there must be a clear purpose for each measurement, that is, what the results of the measurements can tell. Special faults should be dealt with specially. There is no need to go through the inspection step by step.
2. Under normal circumstances, the order of analysis and detection is to eliminate the fault in the order of the operation of the equipment. Take this as the premise, first check the power supply, check the line and load; first check the public circuit, then check the branch circuits; first check the control circuit, then check the main circuit; first check the easy-to-measure part (if inside the electrical box), and then Check for parts that are not easily detectable (such as devices on the device). For example, when checking the AC circuit, you should first observe the operation of the relay. If you press the step button and the forward button, the relay coils must not be powered. You can use the voltage method or the resistance method to advance the relay coil, and the backward relay chain point/back button. Forward button, automatic cycle relay normally open point and their connection. After confirming that the AC circuit is normal, inspect and repair the DC circuit. After observing the power of the intermediate relay, whether or not the time relay coil of the human power supply is energized to determine whether the contact and connection of the intermediate relay is good or not, and the time relay contact is measured. After the DC voltage is normal, in order to determine whether the time relay electrical power is good, after these parts are normal, if the fault phenomenon still exists, resistance method and voltage method can be used to measure the DC loop, and handle the fault point.
1, the equipment can not run due to failure, sometimes causing great economic losses, will affect the efficiency of the company's labor, so the maintenance of electrical fault troubleshooting skills are very demanding.
2. For electrical faults that involve a wide range of randomness and high randomness, troubleshooting skills are a major feature of maintenance electrician occupations (work types), and they also impose higher requirements on the skills of maintenance electricians to eliminate faults.
3, In addition, whether it is from the professional standards or skills assessment, although the assessment of troubleshooting has a certain degree of accidental, but because it reflects the maintenance of a certain comprehensive skills of electricians, reflecting the characteristics of the occupation (work), it is still Continued assessment of the project. And often set the items that are lined up as "negative." That is, if this assessment is not qualified, the entire assessment will be considered unqualified.
In the actual work, electrical faults occur in a wide range, involving every part of the electrical system, and the failures that occur are ever-changing and random. The method of queuing faults can only be determined according to the specific conditions of the fault, there is no strict fixed mode, which is confusing to some maintenance personnel, and often takes a lot of detours in the process of troubleshooting, and even causes great losses, especially For beginners, I don't know where to start.
As a maintenance electrician, in the event of a fault, the cause of the fault can be quickly identified and the fault point can be dealt with in a reasonable and correct manner. This has a major role in improving labor productivity, reducing economic losses and safety in production. As a technician, in addition to its own high knowledge and skills, it should also have the ability to train and supervise senior workers and the following levels of maintenance personnel. The following discussion will be held with your peers in order to learn from each other, promote and improve with the common problems in their electrical control systems and production and living lighting systems.
First, the basic troubleshooting <br> <br> thoroughly troubleshoot, must be clear why the failure occurred, to quickly identify the cause of the failure, in addition to continue to accumulate experience in the work, but more importantly from a theoretical analysis, Explain the cause of the failure, that is, "know, understand why," and use theory to guide their own operations, flexible use of various methods of queuing failure.
1, there is a certain degree of professional theoretical knowledge. Many electrical phenomena must lead professional theoretical knowledge to truly understand and make sense. Compared with other types of work, maintenance electricians are more theoretical, and sometimes there is no theoretical guidance and much work cannot be done at all. In actual work, the time spent on brains is often longer than hands-on time. Once the fault point is found, repair is relatively simple. It is necessary to review some of the basic concepts related to the “principle of self-control†and the working principles of the system so as to achieve a better understanding and mastery. For example, when an incandescent lamp is inserted in series with a diode to significantly extend the life of the lamp, the concept of the relationship between the temperature change and the resistance value is used. Without a certain amount of professional knowledge, it is impossible to truly understand and grasp certain issues.
2. Understand the form of movement of the equipment, make demands on electrical equipment, understand and master the electrical working principle of the equipment, master the electrical working principle, and compare the electrical control features of the equipment, which is a very important basis for troubleshooting. Familiar with mastering the main contents of equipment compound control system and electrical control technology, and understanding its typicality, comprehensiveness and complexity. Really master the system troubleshooting skills of typical equipment. When you encounter other equipment, you can infer others by analogy. When the system fails, it often involves a relatively large range. If you do not master the electrical working principle of the equipment, you can't better eliminate the fault, or even eliminate the fault.
3, understand the location of the electrical components in the device and the layout of the circuit, to achieve the one-to-one correspondence between electrical schematics and actual wiring, is to improve the speed of troubleshooting based. To do this, you can have a better understanding of the equipment, and in the troubleshooting process, you can select an effective test point to prevent misjudgment, in order to quickly determine, narrow the scope of the fault.
Second, the general approach to troubleshooting <br> <br> have a theoretical basis, grasp the principle of the device for troubleshooting are well prepared to effectively analyze and identify the failure point operations, also Need to have a certain means, this is the general method of troubleshooting.
1. Resistance method: usually refers to the use of a multimeter's electrical barrier, a way to measure whether the line, contacts, etc. are switched off, sometimes with a multimeter or bridge measuring coil resistance is consistent with the nominal value, but also with megohm The meter measures the insulation resistance between phase and phase, phase and ground. When measuring, it is necessary to pay attention to selecting the range (usually measuring the channel, select the lower gear); to be more than the table; pay attention to other circuits, so as not to cause misjudgment; more attention should be paid to the measurement of live, this is a common method .
2, voltage method: refers to the use of a multimeter corresponding to the voltage block, the method of measuring the voltage value in the circuit, usually measured, sometimes measured voltage, load voltage (ie, between the two table pen has been dietary load, and sometimes measured open circuit voltage to determine Whether the line is normal or not, pay attention to the gear position of the watch when measuring, select the appropriate range, and pay attention to the positive and negative polarity when measuring the direct current, which is also a more common method.
3, current method: that is, by measuring the current in the line is consistent with the normal value, to determine the cause of the fault. Weak current loop, often using a current meter or multimeter to connect the current block in the circuit for measurement, strong electric circuit, often using a clamp ammeter to detect.
4. Replacement method: When you suspect that a device is faulty, but it cannot be determined, and there are substitute parts, you can replace the test to see if the fault is restored.
5, short-circuit method: suitable for low-voltage, low-current loop, the point of moderate emotion with thick wire shorted to test the method. However, it must be determined that short-circuiting and short-circuiting will not cause any harm in the event of a short-circuit. Short live connection is forbidden. It is not suitable for beginners.
6, direct inspection method: in the understanding of the cause of the fault or the failure rate according to experience often higher probability, and then there are some special faults, you can directly check the suspected point of failure.
7. Instrument testing method: Measure various parameters with various instruments and meters, such as observing the waveform changes with an oscilloscope in order to analyze the cause of the failure. Mostly used in weak lines.
8. Step-by-step elimination method: If there is a short-circuit phenomenon, some lines can be gradually removed to determine the fault scope and fault point.
9, adjust the parameter method: Some components in the line without damage, line wiring is good, just because some physical quantities (such as time, displacement, current, resistance value, temperature feedback signal strength, etc.) adjustment is inappropriate, and the system can not Normal work, at this time should be adjusted according to the actual conditions of the electrical work and equipment.
10. Comparing, analyzing and judging method: It is based on the working principle of the system, the action procedures of the control link and the logic relationship between them, combining the fault phenomena, making comparisons, analysis and judgments, reducing measurement, inspection and other links, and quickly judging Failure range. For example, if several lines are shared by one power source, as long as one line works normally, it means that the other line's power source is normal. In the two control lines, one place has normal control, indicating that the power source, load, and public line must have no problem. Judging through analysis and comparison can reduce the detection process, reduce the scope of faults, and increase the speed of troubleshooting. The direct decision applicable to the fault or fault point of part of the line should also be carried through throughout the entire troubleshooting process.
The above-mentioned several commonly used methods can be used alone, or they can be mixed and used in combination with specific situations.
Third, troubleshooting General troubleshooting steps <br> <br> although there is no fixed pattern, but in general, there are certain laws.
1, morality should fully understand the failure of the situation. (1) Ask the operator in detail; (2) Whether or not special phenomena such as cracks, squeaks, odors, overheating, etc. are discovered through watching, listening, smelling, touching, etc.; (3) Power testing is performed without any danger. Through the above understanding, accurately determine the fault. This is the basis for analyzing faults. If the fault phenomenon is not clear, it will cause the deviation of fault analysis.
2. Analyze the fault and determine the fault scope. According to the phenomenon of failure, combined with the principle and control characteristics of the equipment for analysis, to determine the scope of the fault occurred, electrical or mechanical failure? Is it a DC circuit or an AC circuit? Is it the main circuit or the control circuit? Or auxiliary circuit? Is it a power supply or a load? Is it part of the control line? Or is it caused by improper parameter adjustment? Or is it possible? and many more.
3, through the detection, analysis and judgment to narrow the fault. The process of troubleshooting is often the process of analyzing, testing, and judging and gradually narrowing down the scope of faults. Flexible use of the above-mentioned "general method of troubleshooting," gradually narrow the scope of the fault until finding the point of failure.
In the process of exclusion, we must follow the following principles: 1. Firstly, first and later. From the determination of the phenomenon of failure, to analysis, testing and judgment, we must keep a clear head. "Strategic design, winning a thousand miles," the correct analysis, can play a multiplier effect. Do not take the fault, pick up the watch and test it, and pick it up. To develop good habits, there must be a clear purpose for each measurement, that is, what the results of the measurements can tell. Special faults should be dealt with specially. There is no need to go through the inspection step by step.
2. Under normal circumstances, the order of analysis and detection is to eliminate the fault in the order of the operation of the equipment. Take this as the premise, first check the power supply, check the line and load; first check the public circuit, then check the branch circuits; first check the control circuit, then check the main circuit; first check the easy-to-measure part (if inside the electrical box), and then Check for parts that are not easily detectable (such as devices on the device). For example, when checking the AC circuit, you should first observe the operation of the relay. If you press the step button and the forward button, the relay coils must not be powered. You can use the voltage method or the resistance method to advance the relay coil, and the backward relay chain point/back button. Forward button, automatic cycle relay normally open point and their connection. After confirming that the AC circuit is normal, inspect and repair the DC circuit. After observing the power of the intermediate relay, whether or not the time relay coil of the human power supply is energized to determine whether the contact and connection of the intermediate relay is good or not, and the time relay contact is measured. After the DC voltage is normal, in order to determine whether the time relay electrical power is good, after these parts are normal, if the fault phenomenon still exists, resistance method and voltage method can be used to measure the DC loop, and handle the fault point.
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