As storage networks are used as new technologies in data centers, topics related to storage networks have once again become the focus of discussion. Of course, we admit that there are also many topics that we can discuss about server technology, virtualization technology, operating system itself, and applications. However, regardless of which of these technologies requires a place to store data, then the storage network technology Development is a good solution to this problem.
Storage network technology is a very broad topic and can have various types of composition to meet the needs of both budget and storage space. Storage network technology can help us meet existing storage requirements and even infer future demand trends. Some of these technologies have been or are being confirmed in the production environment. Others are relatively new, or have not been well-accepted by the market, and there are relatively more unknowns in the future.
Storage network type
Storage network types include direct-attached storage (DAS), network-attached storage (NAS), and storage area network (SAN). We will also focus on interface-related technologies in storage networks, including Fibre Channel (FC), iSCSI, and SAS, which are familiar to everyone, as well as relatively new and less-expensive Ethernet-based Fibre Channel (FCoE). ). Similarly, we will also understand the file server interface, such as our common CIFS and NFS two protocols. After that, we will also learn about I/O virtualization-related technologies, because the application of this technology will also bring us many interesting results.
There have been discussions about which of the many types of storage networks are the most widely used and most popular. We also predict which technologies will be eliminated. Looking at the storage feedback from research institute IDC on rankings based on host interface types, we found that direct-attached storage DAS, fiber storage, iSCSI storage, and NAS storage each have billions or even billions of dollars worth of business, and who There is no trend of exiting the market. In addition, each of them is working hard to continue to reach new heights in installed capacity in the coming years.
Direct connection storage
Direct-attached storage is the most common and well-known type of storage. In a DAS deployment environment, hosts can have dedicated interfaces directly to back-end storage devices and have complete control over storage devices. This type of deployment is relatively simple and inexpensive. The potential problem with this approach is that the connection between the host computer and the storage itself is usually very limited. For example, the host and the storage may be in the same cabinet or in adjacent cabinets.
However, SAS, which is also a type of direct-attached storage, is gradually being used in some storage network environments. SAS switches have also recently appeared on the market because it provides a relatively simple way to help share storage among a specific number of servers.
Network attached storage
NAS devices, also known as file servers, share storage resources to clients through file sharing or mount point sharing. These clients use a network file access protocol such as CIFS/SMB or NFS to read the data stored on the file server. Because NAS devices are essentially networked, storage devices are often separate from clients.
For a file server running on a Windows device, or when the storage data needs to be shared with the client of the Windows platform, the CIFS/SMB protocol is used. Microsoft has been working on the development and enhancement of this protocol. The Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 versions use the SMB 2.1 version, which has improved performance to a different extent than earlier versions.
Earlier versions included Samba 3.6, SMB 2.0, and SMB 1.0.
File servers running on Unix or Linux support the NFS protocol. The major versions of NFS include NFSv2, NFSv3, and NFSv4. The NFSv3 version seems to be the most widely deployed, and it is competent for applications and environments. NFSv4 has increased its performance and security and has become a stable protocol. The new features included in NFSv4 are process and directory specification capabilities and parallel NFS (pNFS). The pNFS protocol allows parallel access to multiple servers in a clustered environment.
iSCSI
The iSCSI protocol leverages the advantages of SAN networking while using the Ethernet architecture. Because of its cost advantage and ease of expansion, iSCSI storage networks are often deployed in small and medium-sized businesses. For large-scale enterprise environments, especially for the 10GbE environment, can also be extended.
Since iSCSI itself is dependent on the underlying TCP/IP protocol, it can also operate under the existing Ethernet network architecture without the need to specifically prepare a link for iSCSI traffic. In theory, iSCSI can use any-rate Ethernet; however, best practices suggest that we use a gigabit or faster network environment. From a long-term perspective, iSCSI will be able to operate at any Ethernet speed, whether 40Gbps or 100Gbps.
The virtualized environment can make full use of the iSCSI network storage or bypass the virtual layer through the virtual layer to directly access the iSCSI storage from the client virtual machine.
With the development of 10GbE Ethernet, iSCSI has gradually become the focus of enterprises in planning future long-term data center development plans. Many existing iSCSI storages have similar advanced features such as replication capabilities, thin provisioning, compression, deduplication, and other features necessary for enterprise-class data center environments. For modern storage systems, iSCSI is the same as FC and other interfaces.
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel is used in device-level disk drive interfaces and SAN network interfaces and has been around for 15 years. Fibre Channel carries SCSI commands to the device through copper or fiber ports. The rate of development of Fibre Channel is also alarming, almost doubling every three to four years, upgrading to 8 Gbps in 2008, and four years later, 16 Gbps products have begun to appear. Almost all high-end storage systems and many midrange storage systems use Fibre Channel as the host interface or one of many interfaces.
Enterprise-class storage systems are equipped with Fibre Channel interfaces for disk drives, with a single disk speed up to 4 Gbps. The industry is also shifting from Fibre Channel disks for enterprise-class environments to faster 6Gbps SAS disks, as well as traditional hard disks and solid-state drives.
Fibre Channel provides an independent, high-performance, high-availability, and highly scalable data switching network for non-traditional LANs. Now if you see a system with tens of thousands of Fibre Channel ports is not a very rare thing.
Some 16Gbps fiber SAN products will be available at the end of this year. Environments suitable for such devices include large-scale virtualized server environments, server-hardened environments, and multi-server applications. The growing trend of widespread use of SSDs in enterprise applications has also helped the market process for 16 Gbps products. In addition, storage vendors have begun to develop 32-Gbit/s Fibre Channel SAN interfaces and expect to be available in three to four years.
Storage network technology is a very broad topic and can have various types of composition to meet the needs of both budget and storage space. Storage network technology can help us meet existing storage requirements and even infer future demand trends. Some of these technologies have been or are being confirmed in the production environment. Others are relatively new, or have not been well-accepted by the market, and there are relatively more unknowns in the future.
Storage network type
Storage network types include direct-attached storage (DAS), network-attached storage (NAS), and storage area network (SAN). We will also focus on interface-related technologies in storage networks, including Fibre Channel (FC), iSCSI, and SAS, which are familiar to everyone, as well as relatively new and less-expensive Ethernet-based Fibre Channel (FCoE). ). Similarly, we will also understand the file server interface, such as our common CIFS and NFS two protocols. After that, we will also learn about I/O virtualization-related technologies, because the application of this technology will also bring us many interesting results.
There have been discussions about which of the many types of storage networks are the most widely used and most popular. We also predict which technologies will be eliminated. Looking at the storage feedback from research institute IDC on rankings based on host interface types, we found that direct-attached storage DAS, fiber storage, iSCSI storage, and NAS storage each have billions or even billions of dollars worth of business, and who There is no trend of exiting the market. In addition, each of them is working hard to continue to reach new heights in installed capacity in the coming years.
Direct connection storage
Direct-attached storage is the most common and well-known type of storage. In a DAS deployment environment, hosts can have dedicated interfaces directly to back-end storage devices and have complete control over storage devices. This type of deployment is relatively simple and inexpensive. The potential problem with this approach is that the connection between the host computer and the storage itself is usually very limited. For example, the host and the storage may be in the same cabinet or in adjacent cabinets.
However, SAS, which is also a type of direct-attached storage, is gradually being used in some storage network environments. SAS switches have also recently appeared on the market because it provides a relatively simple way to help share storage among a specific number of servers.
Network attached storage
NAS devices, also known as file servers, share storage resources to clients through file sharing or mount point sharing. These clients use a network file access protocol such as CIFS/SMB or NFS to read the data stored on the file server. Because NAS devices are essentially networked, storage devices are often separate from clients.
For a file server running on a Windows device, or when the storage data needs to be shared with the client of the Windows platform, the CIFS/SMB protocol is used. Microsoft has been working on the development and enhancement of this protocol. The Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 versions use the SMB 2.1 version, which has improved performance to a different extent than earlier versions.
Earlier versions included Samba 3.6, SMB 2.0, and SMB 1.0.
File servers running on Unix or Linux support the NFS protocol. The major versions of NFS include NFSv2, NFSv3, and NFSv4. The NFSv3 version seems to be the most widely deployed, and it is competent for applications and environments. NFSv4 has increased its performance and security and has become a stable protocol. The new features included in NFSv4 are process and directory specification capabilities and parallel NFS (pNFS). The pNFS protocol allows parallel access to multiple servers in a clustered environment.
iSCSI
The iSCSI protocol leverages the advantages of SAN networking while using the Ethernet architecture. Because of its cost advantage and ease of expansion, iSCSI storage networks are often deployed in small and medium-sized businesses. For large-scale enterprise environments, especially for the 10GbE environment, can also be extended.
Since iSCSI itself is dependent on the underlying TCP/IP protocol, it can also operate under the existing Ethernet network architecture without the need to specifically prepare a link for iSCSI traffic. In theory, iSCSI can use any-rate Ethernet; however, best practices suggest that we use a gigabit or faster network environment. From a long-term perspective, iSCSI will be able to operate at any Ethernet speed, whether 40Gbps or 100Gbps.
The virtualized environment can make full use of the iSCSI network storage or bypass the virtual layer through the virtual layer to directly access the iSCSI storage from the client virtual machine.
With the development of 10GbE Ethernet, iSCSI has gradually become the focus of enterprises in planning future long-term data center development plans. Many existing iSCSI storages have similar advanced features such as replication capabilities, thin provisioning, compression, deduplication, and other features necessary for enterprise-class data center environments. For modern storage systems, iSCSI is the same as FC and other interfaces.
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel is used in device-level disk drive interfaces and SAN network interfaces and has been around for 15 years. Fibre Channel carries SCSI commands to the device through copper or fiber ports. The rate of development of Fibre Channel is also alarming, almost doubling every three to four years, upgrading to 8 Gbps in 2008, and four years later, 16 Gbps products have begun to appear. Almost all high-end storage systems and many midrange storage systems use Fibre Channel as the host interface or one of many interfaces.
Enterprise-class storage systems are equipped with Fibre Channel interfaces for disk drives, with a single disk speed up to 4 Gbps. The industry is also shifting from Fibre Channel disks for enterprise-class environments to faster 6Gbps SAS disks, as well as traditional hard disks and solid-state drives.
Fibre Channel provides an independent, high-performance, high-availability, and highly scalable data switching network for non-traditional LANs. Now if you see a system with tens of thousands of Fibre Channel ports is not a very rare thing.
Some 16Gbps fiber SAN products will be available at the end of this year. Environments suitable for such devices include large-scale virtualized server environments, server-hardened environments, and multi-server applications. The growing trend of widespread use of SSDs in enterprise applications has also helped the market process for 16 Gbps products. In addition, storage vendors have begun to develop 32-Gbit/s Fibre Channel SAN interfaces and expect to be available in three to four years.
10000 Lbs Winch comes with 12 v and 24 v
We have two models for winches in 10000 lbs.
If you need to get something unstuck, lifted, or loaded, an electric winch can save a ton of back-breaking work.
The hardest part may be deciding which one you need.
Winches are commonly available with either a 12V DC or a 110V AC motor.
For fixed operations, such as a marine railway, a 110V winch works well because it can be plugged into an electrical outlet.
For portable applications or use with a vehicle as the anchor, a 12v Winch is the way to go. These units can be hard-wired into a vehicle or simply hooked up to a battery.
The next consideration is capacity-what weight rating should you look for? As a general rule, take the maximum load that you expect to winch and multiply it by 1.5. The weight rating is based on the first wrap of the cable around the drum. With each layer of cable, the pull capacity actually drops, so when in doubt, go larger.
Always stay well to the side of a working winch, and always drape a heavy jacket or tarp over the line. If a cable breaks, the heavy material will help absorb the energy of the taut cable as it snaps back, and reduce the chance of injury.
If a load outweighs your winch rating, remember those high school physics lessons about pulleys and mechanical advantage. You can double the pulling capacity by [doubling" the line. Run it through a Snatch Block attached to the object you`re moving and then back to a fixed object. Twice the capacity, however, equals half the pulling speed.
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