Reproductive technology
1. Cutting the rainy season from May to June, selecting the young mother tree, cutting the annual shoots from the top, about 10cm long, removing the lower leaves, flattening with the blade under the knot, and retaining one of the top buds on the top, the leaves 2~3 Inserted into the medium of river sand or gravel, the insertion depth is 1/3~2/3. After inserting, cover the shade of the straw curtain, strengthen the leaf spray, keep the air humidity of the inserted bed, and promote rooting. In order to improve the survival rate of cuttings, the cuttings can be soaked in 50-100 ppm ABT rooting powder solution for 8 to 12 hours.
2, grafting using strong growth of seedlings or cuttings easy to survive the camellia varieties as rootstocks, cut off from the ground diameter of 4 ~ 5cm, through the core of the heart open about 1.5cm deep, with 1 ~ 2 years of shoots for the scion, the upper part of the scion One or two leaves are kept, and the lower part is cut into a wedge shape, which is inserted into the crack of the rootstock, and the formation layers of both sides are closely joined, and then tied with a plastic tape.
After the management, the plastic bag is covered on the scion, and the belt is tied with the belt below, but not too tight, so that water droplets are formed in the bag and continuously drip on the rootstock. Then put a wrapping paper bag on the outside of the plastic bag to shield the sun from direct sunlight.
3, the buds are inserted into each bud section, retaining a leaf, about 1.5cm long, the lower part is obliquely cut, and then inserted into the medium, the depth is not covered by the branches. This method can make full use of the branches and is suitable for large-scale breeding needs.
1, open field planting
1) The soil is selected on a slightly acidic soil with good fertility and drainage, and the pH is between 5.5 and 6.
2) Planting time from February to March is mainly based on small seedlings; after autumn, the effect is better.
3) Fertilization of Camellia does not like fat, generally 10 to 11 months before flowering, 4 to 5 months after flowering, 2 to 4 times of fertilization. Fertilizer mainly uses compound fertilizer, compost, and the right amount of phosphate fertilizer; (the principle of fertilization is thin and multi-application. Strong seedlings are applied more, weak seedlings are less or not applied).
4) Camellia grows slowly, it is not suitable for pruning; the canopy is evenly developed, and no special pruning is required. It is only necessary to cut off the branches of the disease, over the branches, weak branches and long branches. New plantings can be properly trimmed to ensure survival. Picking buds is an important part of cultivation management. Generally, each flower retains at most 3 flower buds and maintains a certain distance. This can reduce the excessive consumption of nutrients and affect flowering. The Camellia flowering period lasts for half a year. It is timely to get rid of the wilted flowers, reduce nutrient consumption, and enhance the tree's potential.
5) The main diseases of pest control and cultivating herbicides are brown spot, yellow disease and mossy moss on the branches. The insects are red spiders. Various scale insects, thorn moths. Rose leaf bee and so on. The occurrence of pests and diseases greatly affects the tree landscape and its ornamental nature. The prevention and treatment methods are as follows: brown spot disease is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture before spring germination, and spray prevention is continued every half month, and attention is paid to drainage and fertilization to remove the damaged leaves and burn them. The yellowing disease is mainly caused by the lack of trace elements in the soil, and can be controlled by the application of ferrous sulfate or magnesium sulfate solution. Red spiders and various scale insects control spray rosin mixture and enhance ventilation. All kinds of thorn moths and rose bees are sprayed with 40% omethoate 400-155 times liquid or 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1200 times. Cultivating and weeding, cleaning the garden can also effectively control pests and diseases, enhance the tree potential, and make the flowers hypertrophy. It is necessary to carry out intermediate cultivation for 6 to 7 times throughout the year.
2, potted plants
1) The choice of potting soil is to use slightly acidic, loose and fertile mixed soil for potting soil. The proportion of mixed soil is 6 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of pine leaf humus soil, and l~2 parts of sandy soil.
2) The choice of pots is better with the mud pots. The ratio of the size of the pots to the size of the seedlings is: 40-50 cm for the height of the seedlings and 20 to 25 cm for the crown. The caliber of the pots is about 20 cm. Other sizes and so on. The commercial seedlings are better with purple sand pots, which can enhance the viewing effect.
3) The choice of potted seedlings is to grow robust, trunk, single stem without branches, beautiful crowns, green leaves, and no pests and diseases.
4) Watering management New planting seedlings, watering the first time, watering for 2 months, keeping the soil moist. It will be watered in the same way as other flowering pots. The number of times depends on the weather conditions to maintain the principle of soil wetting. More water in the spring, to meet the needs of germination; summer should be in the morning and evening, rainy season to prevent water, autumn drought should be timely watering, winter is antifreeze, watering at noon.
5) Covering Meng and cold-proof Camellia In the spring and rainy season, sufficient sunshine should be given, and the summer and autumn seasons should be shaded and cooled; when the winter temperature drops to zero, it needs to be moved indoors to prevent cold.
6) Flowering control is mainly through the choice of variety, temperature control and hormone treatment to achieve early flowering or delayed flowering. For example, in order to delay flowering, the late flower variety can be selected, and the low temperature control (cold storage of 2 to 3 degrees or more, storage of the plants treated with the cold treatment) can delay flowering in January. In order to make it bloom early, it is necessary to choose early flower varieties such as Xiaotaohong and Xuetada. If the amount is not enough, the number of times of application will be imposed, and it will continue to be accompanied by water spray, four sides, etc., and then treated with heavy fertilizer and hormones. The method is to stop growth in the spring of Camellia. After the flower buds are formed, the heavy fertilizer is applied to make the post-flowering branches mature early and stop growing early; in the middle of July or early August, 500-1000 PPm gibberellin is applied to the flower buds with a brush, once every three days, with reasonable Water and fertilizer; in September, depending on the flower bud hypertrophy, the gibberellin is applied again. In the fertilizer, the flower buds grow rapidly, and can bloom early in the period from late September to November.
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