Probiotics are complex biological preparations refined by fermentation, purification and drying of animal intestinal beneficial microorganisms approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. They are ideal green additives for reducing or replacing antibiotics. Probiotics, also known as microecological or live bacterial preparations, are a class of active microbial additives.
The benefits of probiotics on health and performance are most effective in piglets because piglets have not yet established stable intestinal microflora. In addition, when piglets are treated with antibiotics for disease treatment, intestinal microbes are usually killed in large numbers. Therefore, taking probiotics after antibiotic treatment is beneficial to the intestinal microflora beneficial to animal reconstruction, which can prevent the host from re-establishing pathogenic bacteria.
How does probiotics work?
1. Competition Exclusion The concept of competitive exclusion refers to the addition of a culture of selected beneficial microorganisms to the feed to compete with potentially harmful bacteria for adhesion sites and organic matrices (primarily carbon and energy). Probiotics colonize and multiply in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing adhesion of other bacteria including harmful strains such as the enteropathogenic bacteria E. coli (E. coli) or Salmonella. Undoubtedly, probiotics potentially reduce the risk of infection and intestinal disorders.
2. Bacterial resistance Probiotic microorganisms, once established in the intestine, produce bactericidal or bacteriostatic substances (bacteriocins) such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, hydrogen peroxide and several organic substances. These substances have a detrimental effect on harmful bacteria, mainly due to a decrease in intestinal pH (Kelly and King, 2001, Conway, 1996). The pH reduction partially compensates for the problem of insufficient hydrochloric acid secretion in weaned piglets. In addition, competition for probiotics and other bacterial energy and nutrients inhibits pathogen growth (Ewing and Cole, 1994).
Correct understanding of probiotics
Probiotics are used in diseases, and they focus on prevention rather than treatment; they can maximize the production potential of animals, but for some feeds, the level of preparation is high, and the effect of adding probiotics cannot be seen; intestinal flora The theory of balance applies to any animal, which is also the reason for the wide range of applications of probiotics, but it does not mean that it can cure all diseases. Since the strain is host-derived, the strain isolated from the pig intestine is effective for pigs and not necessarily for chickens, and the probiotic products synthesized by different strains must have the most suitable use objects. Generally speaking, the following aspects should be noted.
1. Because the intestinal flora is not established or is in a state of constant change, the use of probiotics during this period is more effective than the establishment of relatively stable flora in the later stage of growth.
2. The composition of the flora in the host gut is deficient in beneficial bacteria or in the presence of reaction bacteria in the intestine (ie, bacteria that inhibit growth). Otherwise, if the animal is naturally inoculated with a large number of beneficial bacteria or no reaction bacteria are present, the effect is not obvious. Therefore, the effect is most obvious under poor environmental conditions.
3. Probiotics should be used continuously. Due to the periodic variation of serotypes between probiotic strains, the persistence of strains remaining in the gut depends on their ability to compete for intestinal mucosal binding sites.
4. Probiotics required for animals in different growing seasons also differ. For mammals, the diet before and after weaning is different, the nutrients in the intestine are different, and the probiotics required are different. Therefore, special probiotics should be supplied to different animals.
5. Domestic and foreign studies have shown that the use of probiotics in low-level diets is more effective than full-price diets with more comprehensive nutrition.
6. When using probiotics, attention should be paid to the presence or absence of antibiotics in the feed. On the other hand, although some probiotic strains are tolerant or produce some bacteriocins, most of the strains used are sensitive to antibiotics. Even a small amount of bacteriocin is a form of self-protection mechanism of an organism. On the other hand, the dose of subtherapeutic antibiotics used in compound feeds far exceeds the tolerant dose of probiotics.
7. The application of probiotic products in animals mainly plays a role in preventing and promoting growth, and the treatment is not as fast as antibiotics.
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