Basic knowledge of odorant

1. Deodorant definition

An organic compound or mixture having a strong odor. When added to the gas at a very low concentration, the gas has a special, unpleasant warning odor, so that the leaked gas is perceived when it reaches 5% of its lower explosion limit or reaches a harmful concentration allowed by the human body. .

2. Odorant requirement


In order to ensure the safety of transportation and use, and to find leaks in time, most countries in the gas distribution station should inject odorant into the odorless gas to add odor.
The odorant and the gas should have a special odor after being mixed together. They should not be harmful to the human body, pipes or materials in contact with them. The combustion products should not be harmful to human breathing and should not corrode or damage the products frequently in contact with this combustion product. material. The degree of dissolution of the odorant in water should not exceed 2.5% (mass fraction). The odorant should have an indicator of the odorant content that is detectable in the air.
Generally, people's sensitivity to odor increases with temperature, so the amount of odorant should be changed according to seasonal changes. The ratio of the odorant unit consumption of the coldest month to the hottest month of the year is approximately 2:1. Similarly, the consumption of odorants in hot climates should be less than the consumption of odorants in cold regions. At the beginning of production, the consumption of odorant increased by 2 to 3 times. When the odorant is used for short-term use to find the leak location of the underground pipeline, the odorant is adsorbed by the soil and loses a part because the gas leaks through the soil, so the amount of the odorant can be 10 times higher than the above quota. Since the sulfide is usually corrosive, the amount of the odorant added is appropriate.

3. Introduction of odorant


Ethyl mercaptan (C2H5SH) is a odorant that has been widely used. When there is a large amount of oxide (rust) on the inner wall of the gas pipe, the gas which is odorized with ethanethiol gradually loses its odor along the process, that is, it adds odor. Agent failure. One of the main reasons is that ethanethiol can react with metal oxides to form thiolates, so in the initial stage of gas odor, it is usually necessary to increase the unit consumption of the odorant. As the odorant of natural gas, ethanethiol has an average annual consumption of about 16-20 mg/m. For industrial toxic gas containing 20% ​​CO, its annual average consumption is about 230 mg/m.
Tetrahydrothiophene (THT), tributyl thiol (TBM), etc. can also be used as an odorant. Compared with ethanethiol, tetrahydrothiophene has the advantages of chemical stability, strong oxidation resistance, easy storage, long odor retention, no residue after combustion, less added amount and less corrosiveness. With the advent of the natural gas era, It was widely adopted in the mid-1990s.
With the expansion of the application of natural gas in the industrial field, there is a higher requirement for the sulfur content of the gas. The sulfur-containing odorant is limited in many occasions, and the sulfur-free odorant has received more and more attention. Such as acrylates, these substances have been certified as odorants alone or in combination with other substances, and have been applied to practical projects.

4. Stinky way


The gas odorizing position can be set at the starting point of the long-distance pipeline, but the long-distance main line rarely leaks, even if the air leakage can be quickly found by other methods, it is generally located at the gas distribution station at the end of the long-distance pipeline. The odorant storage room must be cool, dry and well ventilated. The odorant tank or container should not be exposed to sunlight for a long time to avoid an increase in internal pressure. Spare odorant tanks and odorizing equipment can be placed in one room. The odorant is not allowed to be stored together with flammable materials.
The gas odor is usually a drip type device, see Figure 1-1. The drop-in odorizing device places the liquid odorant in a gas pipe in a state of droplets or fine liquid, where it is evaporated and mixed with the gas stream. The capacity of the odorant reservoir is one day's odorizing dose. The number of odorant inflows per minute was observed from the observation tube, and the number of droplets was adjusted by the needle valve. Its main advantage is that the structure is simple, and the disadvantage is manual operation, which is cumbersome.


With the continuous development and improvement of the self-control level and detection technology, many automatic control odorizing devices have been widely used in engineering practice.
 

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